Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

My bio: Core principles > Protein synthesis: transcription and translation > Flashcards

Protein synthesis: transcription and translation Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Three forms of RNA

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

function of messenger RNA

A

transcribed instructions in DNA and carries these to ribosome, a complementary copy of gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

function of ribosomal RNA

A

Composes the ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

function of transfer RNA

A

Carries amino acids to the ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what nitrogenous base replaces thymine on RNA

A

Uracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is mRNA

A

single stranded molecule which is a complementary copy of a gene formed into a helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

three nucleotides are called..

A

a codon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how many amino acids does one codon code for

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a gene

A

length of DNA that codes for the specific sequence of amino acids in a single polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the process of transcription

A

The 2 strands in the DNA are separated
Free complementary RNA nucleotides form mRNA
mRNA separateS from the template DNA strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What enzyme breaks H bonds between strands to separate them

A

DNA helicase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which enzyme binds to the template DNA strand to then build the mRNA

A

RNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in what directions long the strand does RNA polymerase build a new mRNA strand

A

5’ to 3’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

structure of rRNA

A

Long, large complex molecule made up of double and single helicies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

structure of tRNA

A

small single stranded molecule which forms a clover leaf shape. One end contains bases CCA: where amino acid attaches
Other end has a series of 3 bases called the anticodon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Through which molecules does DNA exert control ove the cell

A

General proteins, since they make up structures
Enzymes, since they control the reactions that take place
Overall these determine they type of cell and its function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

genetic code?

A

sequence of bases in DNA and mRNA that determine the amino acid sequence in an organisms proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Aree codons the same in all living organisms?

A

Yes they are universal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the word to describe how all amino acids (except methionine) have more than one codon

A

a degenerate/ redundant code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

to which subunit of the ribosome does the MRNA attach

A

small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does the anticodon on the tRNA molecule determine

A

Which amino acid it carries, each tRNA carries a specific one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Start codon and example?

A

Where the ribosome will start to read the mRNA: AUG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many sites for tRNA attachment does the large subunit of ribosomes have

24
Q

where is tRNA found

Study These Flashcards
A

in the cell cytoplasm

25
what is the anticodon on tRNA complementary to
the codon of mRNA
26
by what process are amino acids attached to the tRNA
Amino acid activation
27
Describe amino acid activation
ATP attaches to an amino acid which then binds to the tRNA
28
What bond attach the codon bases to the complementary anticodon bases
hydrogen bonds
29
Initiation?
Ribosome attaches to start codon on mRNA
30
what is the name for a tRNA molecule with an amino acid and ATP molecule bound
Activated tRNA
31
What occurs between 2 adjacent amino acids attached to their respective tRNA on the mRNA
A ribosomal enzyme catalyses the formation of a peptide bond between them
32
what is the max number of tRNA molecules that can fit in the large subunit of ribisomes
2
33
what happens when a peptide bond has formed between 2 amino acids and the ribosome moves onto the following codon
the H bonds break between the codon and anticodon of the tRNA carrying the already bonded amino acid allowing the tRNA molecule to return to the cytoplasm
34
Elongation?
continual attachment of complementary anticodons of activated tRNA molecules to the codons of mRNA in the ribosome, depositing amino acids to build a polypetude chain
35
Termination?
When the termination codon is reached by the ribosome. The polypeptide is complete
36
Three stage soft transcription?
Initiation, elongation, termination
37
post translational modification?
modification at the golgi body involving addition of lipids, carbs, phosphates, prosthetic groups, joining of multiple polypeptide chains (4° structure), folding of chain
38
what are the 2 sites on the large subunit
peptide (P) and amino acid (A) sites
39
Where is the energy required for formation of the next peptide bond from
Hydrolysis of the bond between the previous tRNA and its amino acid
40
To which site does the first activated tRNA with the complementary anticodon attach on the large subunit of the ribosome
the P site
41
polysome system?
several ribosomes on a single mRNA transcribing at the same time
42
what is the advantage of a polysine system
Produces several molecules of a polypeptide at the same time
43
what sequence of amino acids is the amino acid attachment site on the tRNA
CCA
44
Anticodon?
Group of 3 bases complementary to codon on mRNA correlated with the specific amino acid carried by that tRNA
45
Characteristics of genetic code
Triplet code Degenerate code 3 stop codon that dont code for amino acids Codons are universal Triplets are non overlapping
46
transcription?
A segment of DNA acts as a template to direct the synthesis of a complementary sequence of RNA with the enzyme RNA polymerase
47
Translation?
The sequence of codons on the mRNA is used to assemble a specific sequence of amino acids into a polypeptide chain at the ribosome
48
name for the free RNA nucleotides that form the mRNA
ribonucleotides
49
How should the separation of the DNA strands by DNA helicase be described
DNA strands separate and unwind, H bonds between bases have been broken
50
what happens to the previously unwound DNA behind the moving RNA polymerase enzyme
it reminds into its helix
51
How many strands of the DNA are involved in coding for a single protein
One of the polynucleotide strands of the DNA
52
Name for the strand of the DNA used as the RNA template
Antisense strand
53
During translation which moves: the ribosome or the mRNA
the ribosome move along the mRNA
54
where do tRNA molecules collect amino acids from
Amino acid pool, in the cytoplasm
55
examples of post translational modification
Adding carbs: gylcoproteins Adding lipids: lipoproteins Adding phosphates: phospho-proteins Creating 4° structure Adding prosthetic groups

My bio: Core principles (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions