nucleic acids

Question 1

3 parts of nucleotides

Answer 1

phosphate group
pentose sugar
nitrogenous base

Question 2

how to easily idenitfy ATP

Answer 2

has 3 phosphate groups

Question 3

whats the role of ATP

Answer 3

The short term energy store of the cell

Question 4

what is ATP known as

Answer 4

energy currency

Question 5

why is ATP known as energy currency

Answer 5

because it picks up energy from food in respiration and passes it on to a power cell processes

Question 6

3 ways ATP can be made

Answer 6

Photophosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation

Substrate level phosphorylation

Question 7

when does Photophosphorylation happen

Answer 7

during photosynthesis

Question 8

when does Oxidative phosphorylation
happen

Answer 8

Occurs in the mitochondrion during aerobic respiration

Question 9

when does Substrate level phosphorylation happen

Answer 9

when phosphate comes from a donor molecule

Question 10

baisic baisic how does ATP release energy

Answer 10

breaks one of the 2 bonds between the phosphate groups

Question 11

how is ATP hydrolysesed

Answer 11

ATPase

Question 12

is hydrolysis of ATP a reversible reaction

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

what is ATP hydrolysesd to

Answer 13

ADP

adneine diphosphate

Question 14

whats good baout the bonds ATP breaks to go to ADP

Answer 14

easily broken
low activation energy

bonds between the phosphate groups and the adenosine are unstable

When broken, a considerable amount of energy is released

Question 15

how is energy released form ATP

Answer 15

when ATPase breaks bond between middle + terminal phosphate group

hydrolysis reaction

Question 16

Uses of ATP

Answer 16

Metabolic processes (e.g. DNA synthesis from nucleotides)

Active transport

Muscle contraction

Nerve transmission

Secretion (endocytosis & exocytosis)

Question 17

advantage of ATP

Answer 17

Instant source of energy in the cell

Releases energy in small amounts as needed

It is mobile and transports chemical energy to where it is needed in the cell

Universal energy carrier and can be used in many different chemical reactions

Question 18

whats annoyign about ATP

Answer 18

can’t be stored

Question 19

how does ATP look like

Answer 19

3 phosphate
1 base
2 adenine blobs (one 6 sides, one 5)

Question 20

nucleotides in DNA

Answer 20

a,c,t,g

Question 21

nucleotides in RNA

Answer 21

a,u,c,g

Question 22

dna pentose sugar

Answer 22

deoxyribose

Question 23

rna pentose sugar

Answer 23

ribose

Question 24

difference in bases between dna + rna

Answer 24

t in dna
u in rna

Question 25

what are purines

Answer 25

Double Ringed Structure

Question 26

what are Double Ringed Structure

Answer 26

purines

Question 27

what are the purines bases

Answer 27

adenine guanine

Question 28

what are Pyrimidines

Answer 28

Single Ringed Structure

Question 29

what are the Single Ringed Structure

Answer 29

Pyrimidines

Question 30

what are the pyrmindine bases

Answer 30

cytosin thymin uracil

Question 31

what does g bond to

Answer 31

c

Question 32

what does a bond to

Answer 32

t

Question 33

bonds between bases

Answer 33

hydrogen

Question 34

dna strands are called

Answer 34

antiparalel

Question 35

why are dna strands refered to as anti-paralel

Answer 35

two strands run in opposite directions

Question 36

3 types of rna

Answer 36

trna mrna rRNA

Question 37

what is trna

Answer 37

transfer rna

Question 38

what is rrna

Answer 38

ribosomal rna

Question 39

what is mrna

Answer 39

messenger rna

Question 40

side bonds between phosphate heads

Answer 40

covalent bonds to make strands

Question 41

bonds in dna

Answer 41

a-t g-c

Question 42

bonds in rna

Answer 42

a-u c-g

Question 43

what are purines

Answer 43

2 carbon ring structures

Question 44

what are pyrimidines

Answer 44

one carbon ring structure

Question 45

what do antiparalel strands turn into

Answer 45

double helix

Question 46

what does mrna do

Answer 46

carries genetic doe from the DNA to the ribosomes

Question 47

what does trna do

Answer 47

transfer amino acids to ribosomes

Question 48

what does rrna do

Answer 48

part of ribosomes site of translation

Question 49

how does mrna look like

Answer 49

long single stranded mol

Question 50

how does trna look like

Answer 50

small single stranded mol folded into the shape of a clover leaf

Question 51

how does rRNA look like

Answer 51

strandedn mol is also folded however incorporated within ribosome

Question 52

where is mrna made

Answer 52

nucleus

Question 53

when is mrna created

Answer 53

transcription

Question 54

what does rRNA do

Answer 54

rRNA combines with protein to form ribosomes

Question 55

what happens at rrna

Answer 55

site of translation

Question 56

whats at end of trna

Answer 56

anticodon

Question 57

trna function

Answer 57

tRNA molecules transport amino acids to the ribosome so proteins can be synthesised

Question 58

name for the attraction between AT, CG

Answer 58

complementary base pairining

Question 59

why is dna a polymer

Answer 59

contains many monomers of nucleotides

Question 60

what are proteins used for

Answer 60

growth and repair also enzymes

Question 61

what are the main 3 things for protein synthesis

Answer 61

replication transcription translation

Question 62

how does dna replicate

Answer 62

Semi-conservative replication

Question 63

what is Semi-conservative replication

Answer 63

parental double helix separates into two strands, each of which acts as a template for synthesis of a new strand

Question 64

how many steps of DNA replication

Answer 64

4

Question 65

what happens in step 1 of replication

Answer 65

dna helicase breaksthe hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairings double helix unwinds

Question 66

what happens in step 2 of replication

Answer 66

each strand used as a template free floating nucleotides are attracted to complementary base pairings of parental dna

Question 67

what happens in step 3 of replication

Answer 67

complimentary base pairing joined by condensation

Question 68

what catalyses step 3 of replication

Answer 68

dna polymerase

Question 69

what does dna polymerase do

Answer 69

catalyses the joining of adjacent nucleotides to make new strand via condensation reaction

Question 70

step 4 of DNA replication

Answer 70

2 sets of new daughter cells one strand from parent one newly synthesised strand

Question 71

difference between mrna, rRNA and tRNA

Answer 71

mRNA - long, single stranded mol tRNA - small single stranded mol folded into cloverleaf shape rRNA - stranded mol folded with ribosomes