endocrine system

Question 1

what is the endocrine system made up of

Answer 1

series of hormone glands that produce hormones

Question 2

defenition of hormones

Answer 2

chemical messengers of the body

Question 3

what receives hormones

Answer 3

bloodstream and carries them to their particular organ

Question 4

how many parts of the endocrine system are there

Answer 4

6

Question 5

what are the 6 bits of the system

Answer 5

1 - pituitary gland in hypothalamus
2 - thyroid gland
3 - thymus
4 - adrenal gland in kidneys
5-pancreas
6 - gonads

Question 6

what are gonads

Answer 6

the sex organs - ovaries and testes

Question 7

function of pituitary gland

Answer 7

receives signal from hypothalamus

has 2 lobes - anteriror / posterior lobe

Question 8

function of thyroid gland

Answer 8

secretes 2 main hormones

controls growth, reproduction, development and metabolism

Question 9

function of pancreas

Answer 9

helps regulate blood glucose conc

Question 10

what does pancrease produce

Answer 10

glucagon + insulin

Question 11

function of ovaries

Answer 11

produces + releases oestrogen

responsible for female sex charecteristics

Question 12

function of testes

Answer 12

produces + releases testestrone

responsible for male sex charecteristics

Question 13

what are the 2 parts of adrenal glands

Answer 13

cortex
medula

Question 14

function of adrenal glands

Answer 14

produces hormones in response to stress

regulates blood pressure, glucose metabolism, body salts and water balance

Question 15

why is pancreas a unique organ

Answer 15

has a exocrine and endocrine gland

Question 16

what enzyme does exocrine gland release in pancreas

Answer 16

digestive enzymes eg lipase

Question 17

what does endocrine gland release in pancrease

Answer 17

hormone producing

Question 18

what does exocrine gland in pancreas do?

Answer 18

extretes enzymes to break down proteins, lipids, carbohydrates + nucleic acids in food

Question 19

what does endocrine gland in pancreas do?

Answer 19

secreates insulin hormone and glucagon to control blood sugar levels throughout the day

Question 20

where can you find the islets of langerhans

Answer 20

in the pancreas

Question 21

what extra important bits are in the pancreas

Answer 21

islets of langerhans

Question 22

what are the islets of langerhans made of

Answer 22

endocrine tissue

Question 23

what type of cells are inside the islets of langerhans

Answer 23

alpha
beta
delta

Question 24

what does beta cells produce

Answer 24

insulin

Question 25

what is the function of insulin

Answer 25

promotes the uptake and metabolism of glucose

Question 26

what do alpha cells produce in the islets of langerhans

Answer 26

glucagon

Question 27

whats glycogenolysis

Answer 27

metabolic process of breaking down glycogen into glucose

Question 28

whats glycogenesis

Answer 28

glucose is converted into glycogen

Question 29

2 bits of the pituatiary gland

Answer 29

anterior posterior lobes

Question 30

wheres the pituitary gland

Answer 30

in the brain

Question 31

where does the hypothalamus end

Answer 31

pituitary stalk

Question 32

what does hypothalamus contain

Answer 32

specialist nerve cells called osmorecpetor cells

Question 33

why do endocrine glands have a good blood supply

Answer 33

carry hormones it produces to the target organ

Question 34

what detects low water leevls

Answer 34

osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus

Question 35

what secretes adh

Answer 35

posterior lobe of pituitary gland

Question 36

what does adh allow

Answer 36

more concentrated urine to be formed

Question 37

why would adh be released

Answer 37

low water levels

Question 38

what does adh do in the kidneys

Answer 38

makes plasma membrane of tubule and collecting duct more permeable to water

Question 39

effect of adh in kidney

Answer 39

makes it absorb more water

Question 40

top half / bottom half of nephron

Answer 40

cortex medulla

Question 41

pressure in capillary knot

Answer 41

high

Question 42

how is pressure in capillary knot created

Answer 42

diameter of the capillary leaving the knot is narrower than the capillary entering

Question 43

what does pressure in capillary knot create

Answer 43

pressure results in ultrafiltration where water, salts, glucose, and other small molecules pass out of the capillary and into the Bowman's capsule

Question 44

what happens to protein and blood cells in capillary knot

Answer 44

proteins and blood cells are too big to leave the capillaries to go into the tubule

Question 45

what does tubule do

Answer 45

responsible for the selective reabsorption

Question 46

what can be selectivley reabsorbed in tubule

Answer 46

glucose, some salts, and lots of the water.

Question 47

what does the collecting duct do

Answer 47

responsible for the selective reabsorption of water and for sending urine to the ureter.

Question 48

Why does glucose levels drop

Answer 48

Oxidised in respiration and released energy

Question 49

Why does glucose go up

Answer 49

Food eaten during the day

Question 50

Healthy blood sugar

Answer 50

90mg per 100cm3

Question 51

Where is insulin made

Answer 51

Islet cells

Question 52

What is hypoglacemia

Answer 52

low blood glucose

Question 53

What is hypoglycaemia

Answer 53

lower blood glucose

Question 54

What do kidneys do

Answer 54

Controls water levels

Question 55

What’s osmoregukation

Answer 55

Maintenance of constant osmotic pressure in the fluid of an organism by the control of water and salt

Question 56

how is water gained

Answer 56

food, drink, metabolism

Question 57

what does glomerulus do

Answer 57

filters your blood

Question 58

function of bowmans capsuel

Answer 58

ultra filtration

Question 59

function of proximal tubule

Answer 59

selective reabsorption

Question 60

function of loop of henle

Answer 60

osmoregulation (salt)

Question 61

function of distal tubule

Answer 61

selective reabsorption

Question 62

function of collecting duct

Answer 62

osmoregulation (water)

Question 63

what are the 3 things in the bowmans capsuel

Answer 63

glomerulus endothelium podocytes

Question 64

where does filtarte pass to after bowmans capsuel

Answer 64

to PCT (tubule)

Question 65

function of glomeurlus

Answer 65

high pressure forces out water and small molecules

Question 66

function of endothelium layer

Answer 66

gaps to leave / allow thing through eg proteins too big

Question 67

function of podocytes

Answer 67

stops any big molecules being passed through in case it wasn't stiooed by glomerulus

Question 68

what happens at PCT

Answer 68

selective reabsorption

Question 69

what ions do we talk about with loop of henle

Answer 69

na+ and cl- ions increases as you go down

Question 70

bottom of loop of henle is (water potential thingies)

Answer 70

hypotonic (high salt conc)

Question 71

top of loop of henle is (water potential thingies)

Answer 71

top is isotonic (low salt conc)

Question 72

what shouldnt be in urine

Answer 72

glucose proteins

Question 73

what should be in urine

Answer 73

excess water / salt urea dissolved salts hormones

Question 74

what does ADH do

Answer 74

make collecting tube more permeable to water so it keeps more water in

Question 75

high water levels

Answer 75

hypothalamus detects pituitary gland releases less ADH more water in filtrate excess water not needed in urine urine pale

Question 76

ADH in low water levels

Answer 76

hypothalamus detects pituitary gland releases more ADH more aquaporins in walls - absorbs more ater urine dark / concentrated

Question 77

what do podocytes do

Answer 77

preventing proteins and other large molecules from entering the urine