nervous system

Question 1

defenition of nervous system

Answer 1

system of nervous tissue that detects, relays and co-ordinates information about an organism’s internal and external environment.

Question 2

name of nerve cells

Answer 2

neurones

Question 3

what do neurones do

Answer 3

convey information in the form of nerve impulses

Question 4

what type of responses do neurones produce

Answer 4

rapid, localized response.

Question 5

2 functions of the nervous system

Answer 5

• collect, process and respond to information in the environment
• co-ordinate the working of different organs and cells

Question 6

what is the actual name for the CNS

Answer 6

Central Nervous System

Question 7

what in the CNS

Answer 7

brain + spinal cord

Question 8

what does CNS do

Answer 8

passes messages to and from the brain and connects nerves to the PNS

Question 9

what makes up the PNS

Answer 9

All the nerves and nerve cells outside your central nervous system

Question 9

actual name of PNS

Answer 9

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 10

function of PNS

Answer 10

relay information to and from your brain and spinal cord to the rest of your body

Question 11

PNS consists of how many pairs of what

Answer 11

12 pairs of cranial nerves

Question 12

what is the PNS sub divided into

Answer 12

somatic nervous system (SNS)
autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Question 13

in a labelling what would you label as being the CNS

Answer 13

brain
spinal cord

Question 14

in a labelling what would you label as being the PNS

Answer 14

Spinal Nerves
Nerve

Question 15

what is the full name of SNS

Answer 15

somatic nervous system

Question 16

what type of control is SNS

Answer 16

voluntary control

Question 17

what does SNS allow you to do

Answer 17

move your arms and legs

Question 18

full name of ANS

Answer 18

autonomic nervous system

Question 19

what type of control is ANS

Answer 19

not under conscious control

Question 20

what does ANS let us do

Answer 20

governs vital functions in the body such as breathing, heart rate, digestion, sexual arousal and stress responses

Question 21

2 neurone types we have to learn

Answer 21

sensory
motor

Question 22

what do sensory neurones do

Answer 22

Carry messages from the peripheral sense organs to the CNS

Question 23

what do motor neurones do

Answer 23

Convey electrical impulses from the CNS to effector organs (e.g. muscles, glands)

Question 24

where does the sensory neurones carry impuleses

Answer 24

from the receptors to the central nervous system

Question 25

where does the motor neurones carry impulses

Answer 25

from the CNS to the muscle (effector)

Question 26

how many bits are there on a motor neurone

Answer 26

8

Question 27

what are the bits of a motor neurone

Answer 27

dendrites nucleus cellbody axon schwann cell myelin sheath node of ranvier axon terminal

Question 28

function of dendrites

Answer 28

receive signals from other cells

Question 29

function of cell body

Answer 29

organises and keeps the cell functional

Question 30

function of nucleus

Answer 30

controls the entire neurone

Question 31

function of axon

Answer 31

transfers signals to other cells and organs

Question 32

function of myelin sheath

Answer 32

increases the speed of the signal

Question 33

function of schwann cell

Answer 33

produces the myeliin sheath

Question 34

function of nodes or ranvier

Answer 34

allow diffusion of ions

Question 35

function of axon endings / terminals

Answer 35

forms junctions with other cells

Question 36

function of synaptic end bulbs

Answer 36

responsible for transmission of impulse from axon to muscle fiber through the synapse

Question 37

what is ANS split into

Answer 37

Sympathetic nervous system: Fight or flight – for emergencies Parasympathetic nervous system: Rest and digest – maintains and st0res energy

Question 38

what do reflexes do

Answer 38

Produce fast response to stimulus

Question 39

what happens in reflex arch

Answer 39

1 – Receptors detect stimulus 2 – Sensory neurons conduct impulse to the CNS 3 – Sensory neurons enter the spinal cord 4 – Sensory neuron synapses with relay neuron 5 – Relay neuron synapses with motor neuron 6 – Motor neuron carries impulse to effector.

Question 40

what are neurotransmitters

Answer 40

brain chemicals that communicate information throughout our brain and body. They relay signals between neurones.

Question 41

what exists between neurotransmitters

Answer 41

synaptic cleft

Question 42

what do neurotransmitters react with

Answer 42

receptors on the membrane of the postsynaptic cell,

Question 43

what does the neurotransmitters reacting with do

Answer 43

causes ionic channels on the membrane to open or close

Question 44

neurotransmitters defenition

Answer 44

chemical secreted in response to an action potential which carries chemical signal across synapse this singal going from one neurone to the next creates a new action potential

Question 45

steps of neurotransmission

Answer 45

opening and closing of voltage-ion chanels which causes brief reversal of the resting membrane potential to create an action potential

Question 46

what happens when action potential moves down axon

Answer 46

polarity changes in the mmebrane

Question 47

what happens when the signal reaches the axon terminal

Answer 47

stimulates other neurons

Question 48

what is an action potential

Answer 48

movement of charge along the axon of a wave - wave depolarisation

Question 49

what ions are involved in nerve impulses

Answer 49

sodium potassium

Question 50

what happens to the axon after an action potential has happened

Answer 50

repolarises to be + outside and - inside

Question 51

how do neurone signal cross the synapse gap

Answer 51

use of neurotransmitters

Question 52

synapse dull thingy

Answer 52

1.An electrical impulse travels along an axon. 2. triggers the nerve-ending of a neuron to release neurotransmitters. 3.These chemicals diffuse across the synapse (the gap) and bind with receptor molecules on the membrane of the next neuron. 4.The receptor molecules on the second neuron bind only to the specific chemicals released from the first neuron. This stimulates the second neuron to transmit the electrical impulse.

Question 53

what happens to neurotrasmitters after theyrre used

Answer 53

destroyed

Question 54

extra bit yn reflex arc compared i just reflex

Answer 54

relay neuron

Question 55

what does relay neuron mean

Answer 55

signal doesnt have to go to the brain - quicker response

Question 56

effect of enzymes

Answer 56

stops muscles and nerves from overstimulating cholinestrate - inhibitor

Question 57

what can you use to stop twitches

Answer 57

inhibitors

Question 58

effect of cholinestrase

Answer 58

group of medicine that block the breakdown of acetylcholine

Question 59

factors that can effect synaptic transmission

Answer 59

cholinesterase active transport of Ca+ out of synaptic knob reabosorption of neurotransmitter molecules

Question 60

what chemicals affect synaptic transmission

Answer 60

nicotine caffeine organophosphate insecticides curare

Question 61

how does nicotine affect synaptic transmission

Answer 61

stimulates CNS

Question 62

how does caffine affect synaptic transmission

Answer 62

stimulates

Question 63

how does organophosphate affect synaptic transmission

Answer 63

inhibitor

Question 64

how does curare affect synaptic transmission

Answer 64

inhibitor

Question 65

why is reflex arc good

Answer 65

quick response

Question 66

what makes the myelin sheath

Answer 66

schwann on top axon middle node of ranvier is bottom