nucleic acids

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 2

Ribonucleic acid

Question 3

What are DNA and RNA?

Answer 3

Nucleic acids

Question 4

What are they important for?

Answer 4

Information-carrying molecules

Question 5

What does DNA do in living cells?

Answer 5

Holds genetic information

Question 6

What does RNA do in living cells?

Answer 6

Transfers genetic information from DNA in the ribosomes

Question 7

What are DNA and RNA polymers of?

Answer 7

Nucleotides

Question 8

What is each nucleotide made of?

Answer 8

A pentose, nitrogen containing base, phosphate group

Question 9

Who discovered the structure of DNA?

Answer 9

Watson and Crick

Question 10

What is the structure of DNA called?

Answer 10

Double helix

Question 11

How is this held together?

Answer 11

Hydrogen bonding

Question 12

What are the names of the bases?

Answer 12

Cytosine, thymine, adenine, guanine

Question 13

What is the name of the pentose sugar in DNA?

Answer 13

Deoxyribose

Question 14

What are the nucleotides in each strand held together by?

Answer 14

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 15

How are these bonds formed?

Answer 15

Condensation reaction

Question 16

Which part of the nucleotide forms the backbone?

Answer 16

Sugar and phosphate

Question 17

Which base pairs with adenine?

Answer 17

Thymine

Question 18

Which base pairs with cytosine?

Answer 18

Guanine

Question 19

What joins the bases together?

Answer 19

Hydrogen bonds

Question 20

What is the name for the DNA helix being coiled even further?

Answer 20

Super helix

Question 21

What are genes?

Answer 21

Sequence of DNA bases that codes for specific amino acid sequence of polypeptide

Question 22

What does DNA have the ability to do?

Answer 22

Self-replicate

Question 23

What is this essential for?

Answer 23

Cell division

Question 24

What causes genetic diversity?

Answer 24

Mutations (alterations in base sequence)

Question 25

What does the sugar phosphate backbone provide?

Answer 25

Strength

Question 26

What does the helix provide?

Answer 26

Compact shape and protects sequence of bases

Question 27

How does DNA being double stranded help to perform its function?

Answer 27

Each strand serves as a template in replication, protects sequence of bases, makes more stable

Question 28

Why does DNA need to be large?

Answer 28

Large amount of information can be stored

Question 29

Where are there many hydrogen bonds?

Answer 29

Gives stability, individual hydrogen bonds are weak allowing strands to be separated

Question 30

Why is a sequence of bases useful for DNA?

Answer 30

Codes for specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

Question 31

Why is complimentary base pairing useful?

Answer 31

Enables information to be replicated accurately