the cell cycle Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the three stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase, nuclear division, cytokinesis
Which stage is the longest?
Interphase
When is interphase shorter?
In more rapidly dividing cells
What happens to DNA in interphase?
DNA content is duplicated via DNA replication
Which process happens more in interphase?
Protein synthesis
What happens to cell organelles during interphase?
They are replicated
What are the 4 stages of mitosis?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What does every chromosome consist of after replication?
Two identical sister chromatids joined by a centromere
What happens to each chromosome in prophase?
Shortens and thickens (condenses)
What happens to the centrioles in prophase?
They move to opposite poles of the cell
What happens to the nuclear membrane during prophase?
It breaks down
What happens to the centrioles in metaphase?
They form a spindle across the cell
What does this spindle consist of?
Protein microtubules
What happens to the chromosomes in metaphase?
They move to the equator of the spindle and attach to it via its centromere and are orientated towards opposite poles of the cell
What happens during anaphase?
Centromere splits and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
What happens during telophase?
Chromatids uncoil and nuclear membrane forms
What are the cells produced?
Genetically identical daughter cells
What is cytokinesis?
Involves the cytoplasm splitting in two which forms two new cells and cellulose in plants
What is cancer?
A group of diseases caused by uncontrolled growth and rapid division of cells
What does cancer often result from?
Damage to the genes that regulate meiosis and the cell cycle
What is a tumour?
Uncontrolled cell division and growth of abnormal cells
What can drugs to treat cancer do?
Inhibit enzymes (DNA polymerase and helicase) and inhibit the formation of the spindle
What is a carcinogen?
Increases the rate of cancer
