Nucleophilic substitution

Question 1

What is nucleophilic substitution?

Answer 1

A reaction mechanism that shows how nucleophiles attack halogenoalkanes
Used to produce alcohols or amines

Question 2

Why do halogenoalkanes contain polar bonds?

Answer 2

Because halogens are more electronegative than carbon atoms therefore form dipoles

Question 3

What are nucleophiles?

Answer 3

Lone pair doners
They contain a lone electron pair that is attracted to positive regions of molecules

Question 4

What are examples of nucleophiles?

Answer 4

CN: -
:NH3
:OH -

Question 5

How does the Mr of the halogen in the polar bond affect the bond enthalpy?

Answer 5

The greater the Mr of the halogen in the polar bond, the lower the bond enthalpy
As it can be more easily broken

Therefore the rate of reaction for these halogenoalkanes is faster

Question 6

What type of halogenoalkanes can nucleophilic substitution occur?

Answer 6

Primary and secondary halogenoalkanes