Nudges

Question 1

What are Thaler and Sunstein’s (2008) 4 main criteria of nudges?

Answer 1

Small environmental changes
Influence decisions in a predictable manner
Do not limit/force choices, not compulsory, or libertarian paternalism
Easy to avoid

Question 2

Other than their main criteria, Thaler and Sunstein strongly believed that nudges should be used for ______. Bad use of nudges are known as ________ nudges or _______.

Answer 2

Nudges should be used for good
bad nudges also known as dark nudges or sludges

Question 3

What 2 aspects of Thaler and Sunstein’s nudge criteria do perceptual-motor nudges not completely meet? Give examples

Answer 3

Limiting/forcing choices - they do not physically force choices but they can make participants believe their is a limit e.g - they work by directly deceiving participants, such as the step nudge

Easy to avoid - perceptual motor nudges are not particularly easy to avoid, and participants may fall for them repeatedly, such as driving one

Question 4

Give one example of use of perceptual-motor nudges for good purposes, and one for potentially bad purposes?

Answer 4

Good - improve driving safety -increasing optic flow

Bad - sell more alcohol by obscuring glass midpoint with curved/goblet glasses