Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Spring 2025 > NUTR Finals > Flashcards

NUTR Finals Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Most of the body’s water is in the bloodstream. True or False?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Extra water losses from heavy sweating or diarrhea will typically result in ______

A

decreased urine output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does not influence fluid requirements?

A

Ethnicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is not a function of water?

A

Dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aldosterone increases _______

A

sodium retention by the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Consumption of ____ inhibits the action of antidiuretic hormone causing increased urinary output

A

alcoholic beverages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does sodium do?

A

Transmits electrical impulses through nerve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

________ is the negatively charged ion abundant in extracellular fluid

A

Chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Alcohol provides the body with ___ calories/gram

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Alcohol is a _____, it increases urinary output

A

diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the chemical name for the form of alcohol we consume?

A

Ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Approximately ____ percent of alcohol consumed is eliminated via the lungs and urine, unmetabolized

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intoxication is when the rate of alcohol consumption exceeds the liver’s metabolic capacity, blood alcohol levels increase and reach the brain. True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a potential limitation of diet based study findings?

A

Duration of the study being too short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, and Calcium serve what role in the body?

A

Muscle Contraction and Nerve Impulse Transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vitamin K, Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium serve what role in the body?

A

Bone Health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vitamin E, Zinc, Selenium, Carotenoids serve what role in the body?

A

Immune Function and Antioxidant Defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

B-^, B-12, Iron, and Vitamin K serve what role in the body?

A

Blood Health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Iron, and Phosphorus serve what role in the body?

A

Energy Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the organic pigments found in plants which can convert to Vitamin A called?

A

Carotenoids or beta carotene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do fat-soluble vitamins travel through the body?

A

Carried by chylomicrons into the lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

____-soluble vitamins require bile and carriers for absorption

A

Fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Overconsumption of Vitamins A and D can do what 3 things?

A
  1. Lead to serious side effects
  2. Result in toxicity
  3. Lead to accumulation in the liver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What occurs when hemoglobin falls below normal levels due to inadequate iron?

A

Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What micronutrient does not help form bones?
Vitamin E
26
What 4 micronutrients help form bones?
Fluoride, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Magnesium
27
Magnesium is involved in bone structure, mineralization, DNA/RNA, synthesis, nerve transmission, blood pressure and glucose metabolism. True or False?
True
28
What are the 6 functions of magnesium?
1. Bone Structure 2. Mineralization 3. DNA/RNA Synthesis 4. Nerve Transmission 5. Blood pressure 6. Glucose metabolism
29
How did the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 change the dietary supplement industry?
Decreased the FDA's oversight of the supplement industry, increasing consumer responsibility
29
What is not considered a dietary supplement?
Over the counter medications
30
True or false? Dietary supplements do not need to be tested for effectiveness before they are sold
True
31
Where does the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain take place?
Mitochondria
32
When you are fasting (short term), which energy stores are breaking down to use for energy?
Glycogen and triglycerides
33
When you are fasting (long term) beyond glycogen depletion, which energy stores are breaking down to use for energy?
Amino acids from muscle tissue and triglycerides
34
What is gluconeogenesis?
The process whereby the body produces glucose from from amino acid and glycerol molecules
35
What is the breakdown of glucose called?
Glycolysis
36
What are the end products of anabolism?
Protein, glycogen, and triglycerides
37
What is the chemical intermediate formed by the breakdown of glucose, fatty acids, and some amino acids?
Acetyl-CoA
38
What kind of metabolism occurs in the absence of oxygen?
Anaerobic
39
What goes through the citric acid cycle to shuttle electrons to the electron transport chain?
Acetyl-CoA
40
What system requires oxygen to produce energy?
Citric acid cycle
41
What is the amount of energy the body uses to support itself when fasting, resting, and awake in a warm, quiet environment?
Basal Metabolic Rate or BMR
42
What does starvation or fasting lead to? HINT: 4 things
1. Nutrient deficiencies 2. Reduction in lean tissue or muscle mass 3. Formation of ketones 4. Decrease in basal metabolic rate
43
What are components of energy in energy balance side of the equation? HINT: 4 things
1. Carbohydrates 2. Alcohol 3. Protein 4. Vitamins
44
What are components of energy expenditure or calories outside of the energy balance equation? HINT: 3 things
1. Thermic Effect of Food or TEF 2. Resting Energy Expenditure or Basal Metabolic Rate' 3. Physical Activity
45
What 4 things are components of body composition?
1. Lean tissue 2. Water 3. Adipose tissue 4. Bones
46
What is not a component of body composition?
Body mass
47
What anthropometric tool is used to evaluate body weight?
Body Mass Index (BMI)
48
In addition to BMI, what should be used to evaluate one's weight?
Body composition, location fo adipose tissue, and presence or absence of medical problems
49
What is the energy the body uses to digest, absorb, transport, store, and metabolize nutrients called?
Thermic effect of food
50
True or false? You should not eat fruit with meals since it is not digested well. You can lose weight by eating foods in a certain order.
False
51
What can be considered a Fat Diet?
Reducing consumption of a food group
52
What would be a positive behavior change that could help reduce excessive snacking?
Portion out a snack into a bowl instead of eating from the bag
53
What is an example of contingency management?
Eat a meal before going to the theater, so you do not have to purchase food there
54
What are the benefits of cardiorespiratory (aerobic) conditioning? HINT: There's 3
1. Low resting heart rate 2. Muscle hypertrophy (increased muscle mass) 3. Reduced body fat/weight loss
55
What is an adaptation (benefit) that can occur with exercise?
Increased bone density
56
What is the only fuel that can be used in anaerobic glycolysis?
Glucose
57
What does exercise raise?
HDL cholesterol
58
True or False? Amino acids can be used as a primary fuel for muscles.
False
59
What is the three carbon acid formed during anaerobic cell respiration called?
Lactate or lacatic acid
60
What can help an individual maintain an exercise regimen?
Exercise is built into daily routine
61
What is the appropriate amount of weight fain for a pregnant woman who is normal weight?
25-35 pounds
62
How many calories does a pregnant woman need an increase of during each of the last 2 trimesters?
200
63
What is the time during which certain events may cause irreversible effects on fetal development? What trimester does it occur in?
Critical period; first trimester
64
What factor indicates a baby is receiving enough breastmilk or formula?
Adequate growth
65
It is best to avoid serving cow's milk until the infant reaches the age of?
12 months
66
True or false? Breastmilk contains important antibodies for baby, easy to digest proteins, and lactoferrin.
True
67
What is wrong with giving juice in a bottle or propping up a bottle of formula for the child to drink at bedtime?
Sugar bathes the teeth, bacteria grow, acids are produced from sugar, and acids dissolve tooth enamel
68
At how many months does an infant double its birth weight? At how many months does an infant triple its birth weight?
4 to 6 months; 12 months
69
What is a key person who controls other's access to foods and thereby affects nutrition?
Gatekeeper
70
What foods does not pose a choking hazard for infants and children?
Hard crackers
71
True or false? In division of responsibility, parents choose how much the child should eat and children choose what, when, and where they should eat.
False
72
True or false? Physical inactivity, excessive snacking, advertising, availability of food and body image may contribute to eating and health habits during the teenage years.
True
73
What is the best way to get a teenager to eat a healthy diet?
Have healthy foods in the house which are semi-prepared or easy to assemble
74
What 4 things are factors in how you age?
1. Genetics 2. Metabolic efficiency 3. Health care 4. Food choices
75
Reduced levels of what as we age makes it more challenging to digest and absorb vitamin B12?
HCL and intrinsic factor

Spring 2025 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions