Nutrition Exam 2

Question 1

___ is the process of adding hydrogen molecules to some or all of the points of unsaturation in a fatty acid carbon chain.

Answer 1

Hydrogenation

Question 2

Amino acids have the same basic structure, but vary based on their ___.

Answer 2

Side group

Question 3

A carbon chain with no double bonds and each hydrogen “seat” full, is known as a ___ fatty acid.

Answer 3

Saturated

Question 4

___ are similar to triglycerides but have a phosphate group and a choline in place of one of the fatty acids.

Answer 4

Phospholipids

Question 5

Your pt has asked for help interpreting their lab values. Based on the lab report below, what are your recommendations?
Total Cholesterol - 250
LDL Cholesterol - 142
HDL Cholesterol - 37
Triglycerides - 122

Answer 5

Cholesterol labs are high so the pt should consider a heart healthy diet full of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Question 6

When proteins are disrupted or destroyed, they uncoil and lose their shapes in a process called ___.

Answer 6

Denaturation

Question 7

___ are the basic unit of protein chains.

Answer 7

Amino Acids

Question 8

Clusters of lipids that serve as transport vehicles in the body are known as ___.

Answer 8

Lipoproteins

Question 9

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
-Fructose
-Sucrose
-Maltose
-Lactose

Answer 9

Fructose

Question 10

This type of fiber dissolves in water to form gels and helps decrease the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.

Answer 10

Soluble Fiber

Question 11

A __ is missing four or more hydrogen atoms and has two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds.

Answer 11

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid

Question 12

___ is a chemical reaction in which water is released as two molecules combine to form one larger product.

Answer 12

Condensation.

Question 13

Maltose is found in:
-Barley and Alcohol
-Honey
-Milk
-Sugarcane

Answer 13

Barley and Alcohol

Question 14

Each of the following are lipids, except:
-Sterols
-Triglycerides
-Peptides
-Phospholipids

Answer 14

Peptides

Question 15

___ is the storage form of energy in the body.

Answer 15

Glycogen

Question 16

When someone is not able to digest lactose, they may be ___.

Answer 16

Lactose Intolerant

Question 17

Most carbohydrate absorption occurs in the ___.

Answer 17

Small Intestine

Question 18

___ are lipids with a multiple ring structure.

Answer 18

Sterols

Question 19

Which of the following are essential fatty acids?
-Stearic
-Both Linolenic and Linoleic
-Lenoleic
-Linolenic

Answer 19

Both Linolenic and Linoleic

Question 20

When there is too much sugar in the blood, it is referred to as ___.

Answer 20

Hyperglycemia

Question 21

___ is the creation of new glucose from a non-carb source such as proteins or fats.

Answer 21

Gluconeogensis

Question 22

A triglyceride is composed of ___.

Answer 22

Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids

Question 23

___ are enzymes that break down protein.

Answer 23

Proteases

Question 24

The most common length of the carbon chain for fatty acids in our food supply is ___.

Answer 24

18 carbons

Question 25

When the unsaturated fatty acid is one that is missing two hydrogen atoms and has one double bond between carbons, it is known as a ___ fatty acid.

Answer 25

Monounsaturated

Question 26

___ is the enzyme that digests fat.

Answer 26

Lipase

Question 27

What is the name of Organ Annie's liver?

Answer 27

Luigi

Question 28

Which of the following foods contain monounsaturated fatty acids? -Olive oil -Vegetable oil -Canola oil -Both olive and canola oil

Answer 28

Both olive and canola oil

Question 29

Which enzyme breaks down amylose?

Answer 29

Amylase

Question 30

___ is a polyunsaturated fatty acid where the double bond is six carbons away from the methyl end.

Answer 30

Omega-6 Fatty Acid

Question 31

The recommended intake of protein for healthy adults is ___ g/kg of healthy body weight.

Answer 31

0.8

Question 32

The cycle of breaking down and building proteins in the body is called ___.

Answer 32

Protein Turnover.

Question 33

___ fuels most of the brain's activities and provides about half of the energy needed by the body's tissues.

Answer 33

Glucose

Question 34

___ is the storage form of energy in plants.

Answer 34

Starch

Question 35

Which of the following foods contain carbs? -Fruit -Grains -Soda and Candy -All of these

Answer 35

All of these

Question 36

Without adequate carb, fat fragments combine with each other to form ___, affecting the body's acid-base balance.

Answer 36

Ketone Bodies

Question 37

Glycogen, starch, and fiber are ___.

Answer 37

Polysaccharides.

Question 38

There are ___ essential amino acids.

Answer 38

9

Question 39

Lactose is made-up of which two monosaccharides?

Answer 39

Glucose + Galactose

Question 40

Sucrose is found in: -Alcohol -Barley -Milk -Sugarcane

Answer 40

Sugarcane

Question 41

___ bonds link each amino acid to build proteins.

Answer 41

Peptide