Nutrition Exam 4 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Newborn infants receive an injection of ___ to prevent internal bleeding before leaving the hospital.
Vitamin K
This B vitamin replenishes oxaloacetate in the TCA cycle, is widespread in food, is produced by the bacteria in the gut, and can lead to hallucinations when not consumed in adequate quantities.
Biotin
Define bioavailability and describe why this is an important concept when considering vitamin and mineral supplementation.
Bioavailability is the rate at, and the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used. Bioavailability is important in vitamin and mineral supplementation because there are many different factors that will affect/influence the absorption of (or bioavailability of) necessary vitamins and minerals.
List the four Devastating D’s of the deficiency disease Pellagra.
Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis, and death.
This B vitamin is part of coenzyme A, is found in many foods, and can lead to GI distress and neurological disturbances when deficient.
Pantothenic Acid
All of the B vitamins have a ___ relationship, meaning that a deficiency in one B vitamin can alter the function of another B vitamin.
Interdependent
Heart pts on blood thinners (coumadin) must eat ___ amounts of vitamin K.
Consistent
Vitamin C enhances iron absorption, so pts taking an iron supplement should drink a glass of ___ when they take their iron.
Orange juice
___ is severe iron depletion that results in low hgb and small, pale red blood cells.
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Compare and contrast water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins.
Water-soluble vitamins are found in the watery components of foods, and enter directly into the bloodstream during digestion. Fat-soluble vitamins are found in the fats and oils of foods, and they have to enter the lymph before they enter the blood.
This B vitamin helps convert pyruvate to acetyl CoA and is found in pork and grains. A deficiency may lead to an enlarged heart.
Thiamin
This B vitamin is found in milk and liver and may cause a fishy body odor when consumed above the upper limits.
Choline
Most city water supplies have added ___ to prevent tooth decay.
Fluoride
Pts with a vitamin B deficiency may present with extremely red and cracked lips, a condition called ___
Cheilosis
Our bodies use sunlight to make vitamin D from ___.
Cholesterol
A pt receiving treatment at a wound care clinic may be prescribed a ___ supplement.
Zinc
This B vitamin serves as a coenzyme in over 100 metabolic reactions in the body and is found in meat, fish, poultry, potatoes, and non-citrus fruits.
Pyridoxine
This B vitamin serves as a coenzyme, is found in milk and grains, and results in a painful and swollen tongue and cracked lips when it is deficient in the body.
Riboflavin
Vitamins are ___ in nature, so they are easily destroyed during cooking.
Organic
Many elderly pts have low vitamin B12 levels, or ___, and may have nerve damage and sore tongues.
Pernicious Anemia
Regular use of calcium and iron supplements may decrease the absorption of ___.
Manganese
Pts with ___ experience extreme cravings for nonfood substances, like clay, chalk, and hair.
Pica
Peak bone mass is achieved around age ___.
30
What is folic acid, and why should all women of child-bearing age take a daily supplement?
Folic acid is a vitamin that helps with DNA synthesis and the maintenance of nerve cells. Women of child-bearing age should take folic acid because it can prevent many birth defects like spina bifida for example.
