NUTRITIONAL STABILIZATION (AB) Flashcards
What is the first-line route of nutrition in critically ill children?
Enteral nutrition.
Why is enteral nutrition preferred over parenteral nutrition?
It supports gut integrity. lowers infection risk. and is more physiologic.
When is parenteral nutrition considered in a critically ill child?
If enteral nutrition is contraindicated or not tolerated.
What are the contraindications for enteral nutrition?
Hemodynamic instability. severe ileus. or intestinal obstruction.
What is the most commonly used enteral feeding route?
Nasogastric tube.
What are the advantages of early enteral nutrition?
Preserves gut mucosa. reduces bacterial translocation. and lowers complications.
What is the goal of nutritional stabilization in critically ill children?
To provide adequate calories. protein. and micronutrients for recovery.
What complications are associated with parenteral nutrition?
Infection. liver dysfunction. and metabolic disturbances.
How are energy needs estimated in critically ill children?
Using predictive equations or indirect calorimetry.
Why is protein important in critically ill pediatric patients?
For tissue repair. immune function. and preventing catabolism.
What micronutrients are especially important in critically ill children?
Zinc. selenium. vitamin A. and vitamin C.
How is feeding intolerance monitored in enteral nutrition?
By checking for vomiting. abdominal distension. and gastric residuals.
What is refeeding syndrome?
A condition with electrolyte shifts after reintroducing nutrition in malnourished patients.
What electrolytes are commonly affected in refeeding syndrome?
Phosphate. potassium. and magnesium.
How can refeeding syndrome be prevented?
By slowly advancing feeds and monitoring electrolytes closely.
When should enteral nutrition be initiated in a critically ill child?
Within 24–48 hours of ICU admission if not contraindicated.
What are signs of overfeeding in critically ill children?
Hyperglycemia. fat accumulation. and increased CO2 production.
Why is tight glucose control avoided in critically ill children?
It increases the risk of hypoglycemia and adverse outcomes.
What is trophic feeding?
Minimal enteral nutrition to maintain gut function without full caloric goals.
How is fluid balance monitored in a child on nutritional support?
Through input/output charts. weight changes. and labs.
How does critical illness affect metabolism?
It increases catabolism. energy expenditure. and protein breakdown.
What is the risk of prolonged fasting in critically ill children?
Malnutrition. impaired healing. and muscle loss.
Why are continuous feeds preferred over bolus in some critically ill children?
They reduce aspiration risk and improve tolerance.
What is a major concern with high glucose infusion rates in PN?
Hyperglycemia and fatty liver.
