SKIN 1.2 (AB)

Question 1

What is another name for neonatal acne?

Answer 1

Infant acne vulgaris.

Question 2

Where is baby acne usually seen?

Answer 2

Cheeks, chin, and forehead.

Question 3

When does baby acne typically develop?

Answer 3

Around 3 to 4 weeks of age.

Question 4

What causes baby acne?

Answer 4

Hormonal changes that stimulate oil glands in the baby’s skin.

Question 5

What can make baby acne look worse?

Answer 5

Crying, fussiness, or increased blood flow to the skin.

Question 6

Which ethnicity is more prone to baby acne?

Answer 6

Caucasian descent.

Question 7

How long does baby acne usually last?

Answer 7

Resolves on its own within several weeks.

Question 8

What type of infection causes bullous impetigo?

Answer 8

Bacterial infection (gram-positive cocci).

Question 9

What age group is most affected by bullous impetigo?

Answer 9

Newborns.

Question 10

What is the causative agent of bullous impetigo?

Answer 10

Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 11

What toxin is responsible for bullous impetigo?

Answer 11

Exfoliative toxin A.

Question 12

Where does bullous impetigo commonly appear?

Answer 12

Diaper region, axilla, or neck.

Question 13

What is the pathophysiology of bullous impetigo?

Answer 13

Bacterial toxin reduces cell adhesion, causing epidermal separation.

Question 14

What is the characteristic lesion of bullous impetigo?

Answer 14

Vesicles that rapidly enlarge and form bullae.

Question 15

What is the treatment for mild bullous impetigo?

Answer 15

Topical antibiotic creams (e.g., Fusidic acid).

Question 16

What is the treatment for severe cases of bullous impetigo?

Answer 16

Oral antibiotics.

Question 17

What virus causes chickenpox?

Answer 17

Varicella zoster virus.

Question 18

What type of skin lesions are seen in chickenpox?

Answer 18

Vesicular skin rash with itchy, raw pockmarks.

Question 19

What is a key feature of chickenpox lesions?

Answer 19

Lesions appear at different stages of healing.

Question 20

What diagnostic tests can confirm chickenpox?

Answer 20

Tzanck smear or Direct fluorescent antibody test.

Question 21

What is the main mode of diagnosing chickenpox?

Answer 21

Physical examination.

Question 22

What preventive measure is available for chickenpox?

Answer 22

Varicella zoster vaccine.

Question 23

What treatments help relieve chickenpox symptoms?

Answer 23

Antihistamines, calamine lotion (zinc oxide), and Acyclovir.

Question 24

What is the role of Acyclovir in chickenpox?

Answer 24

Reduces the duration of the condition.

Question 25

What virus causes measles?

Answer 25

Paramyxovirus (measles virus).

Question 26

What is the characteristic skin manifestation of measles?

Answer 26

Maculopapular, erythematous rash.

Question 27

What is the pathognomonic sign of measles?

Answer 27

Koplik’s spots.

Question 28

Where are Koplik’s spots found?

Answer 28

Oral mucosa.

Question 29

What laboratory test confirms measles?

Answer 29

Positive measles IgM antibodies.

Question 30

What vaccine prevents measles?

Answer 30

MMR vaccine.

Question 31

How is measles managed?

Answer 31

Supportive care (self-limiting).

Question 32

What is the most common cause of death in measles?

Answer 32

Pneumonia.

Question 33

What are complications of measles?

Answer 33

Pneumonia, bronchitis, encephalitis, and ear infections.

Question 34

What virus causes viral warts?

Answer 34

Human Papillomavirus (HPV).

Question 35

Where are viral warts commonly found in children?

Answer 35

Fingers and soles.

Question 36

What is the usual clinical course of viral warts?

Answer 36

Most disappear spontaneously over months or years.

Question 37

When is treatment indicated for viral warts?

Answer 37

If the lesion is painful or for cosmetic reasons.

Question 38

What are common treatments for viral warts?

Answer 38

Salicylic acid, lactic acid paint, glutaraldehyde, cryotherapy, or surgery.

Question 39

What virus causes molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 39

Poxvirus.

Question 40

What is the characteristic appearance of molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 40

Small, skin-colored, pearly papules with central umbilication.

Question 41

How long do molluscum contagiosum lesions last?

Answer 41

Usually disappear spontaneously within a year.

Question 42

What treatments may be used for molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 42

Topical antibacterial for secondary infection, cryotherapy in older children.

Question 43

What is another name for tinea capitis?

Answer 43

Ringworm of the scalp.

Question 44

What type of infection causes tinea capitis?

Answer 44

Fungal infection.

Question 45

What are the characteristic lesions of tinea capitis?

Answer 45

Bald patches with small black dots and scaly, red, swollen areas.

Question 46

What is a severe form of tinea capitis with pus-filled sores called?

Answer 46

Kerion.

Question 47

What symptom is almost always present in tinea capitis?

Answer 47

Itching of the scalp.

Question 48

What long-term effect can tinea capitis cause?

Answer 48

Hair loss and scarring.

Question 49

What diagnostic test can help confirm tinea capitis?

Answer 49

Wood’s lamp test.

Question 50

What is the treatment for tinea capitis?

Answer 50

Antifungal shampoos.

Question 51

What parasite causes scabies?

Answer 51

Sarcoptes scabiei.

Question 52

How does the scabies mite affect the skin?

Answer 52

It burrows under the skin.

Question 53

What is the main symptom of scabies?

Answer 53

Intense itching due to an allergic reaction to mite proteins.

Question 54

Where on the body does scabies commonly occur?

Answer 54

Hands, feet, wrists, elbows, back, buttocks, and external genitals.

Question 55

What conditions can scabies mimic?

Answer 55

Dermatitis, syphilis, urticaria.

Question 56

What is the first-line treatment for scabies?

Answer 56

Topical permethrin or oral ivermectin.

Question 57

Why is oral ivermectin not widely available in the Philippines?

Answer 57

It is not commercially available in the country.

Question 58

At what age does psoriasis rarely present?

Answer 58

Before age 2 years.

Question 59

What type of psoriasis is common in children and follows a streptococcal or viral infection?

Answer 59

Guttate psoriasis.

Question 60

What are the characteristic lesions of guttate psoriasis?

Answer 60

Small, raindrop-like, round or oval erythematous scaly patches on the trunk or upper limbs.

Question 61

How long does guttate psoriasis usually last?

Answer 61

3-4 months.

Question 62

When is recurrence of guttate psoriasis common?

Answer 62

Within 3-5 years.

Question 63

Does guttate psoriasis always require treatment?

Answer 63

No, it usually resolves on its own, but severe cases may need intensive treatment.

Question 64

What is the characteristic lesion of pityriasis rosea?

Answer 64

Herald patch.

Question 65

How does the rash of pityriasis rosea appear?

Answer 65

Pink, flaky, oval-shaped rash on the torso.

Question 66

What is the suspected cause of pityriasis rosea?

Answer 66

Viral infection, often associated with respiratory tract infections.

Question 67

What are the differential diagnoses for pityriasis rosea?

Answer 67

Lyme disease, ringworm, discoid eczema, drug eruptions.

Question 68

What does a biopsy of pityriasis rosea show?

Answer 68

Extravasated erythrocytes within dermal papillae of the dermis.

Question 69

What are the treatment options for pityriasis rosea?

Answer 69

Oral antihistamines and steroids.

Question 70

What should be avoided in pityriasis rosea?

Answer 70

Direct sunlight and UV therapy.

Question 71

What are the characteristic lesions of urticaria?

Answer 71

Raised, itchy, red bumps (welts) on the skin.

Question 72

What is the usual cause of urticaria?

Answer 72

Allergic reaction to food or medicine.

Question 73

What is another name for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)?

Answer 73

Toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Question 74

How much body surface area is affected in toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)?

Answer 74

More than 10%.

Question 75

How much body surface area is affected in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)?

Answer 75

Less than 10%.

Question 76

What are the characteristic lesions of SJS/TEN?

Answer 76

Widespread, confluent macules or flat vesicles/bullae on the torso.

Question 77

What causes the epidermis to separate from the dermis in SJS?

Answer 77

Hypersensitivity complex affecting skin and mucous membranes.

Question 78

What are common drug triggers for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome?

Answer 78

Sulfonamides, penicillin, phenytoin, barbiturates.

Question 79

What are common infections associated with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome?

Answer 79

HSV, AIDS, EBV, Coxsackie, Hepatitis, Mumps, Group A Strep, Diphtheria, Brucellosis, Mycoplasma, Histoplasmosis.

Question 80

What is Nikolsky's sign and is it positive in SJS?

Answer 80

Separation of skin layers, and yes, it is positive in SJS.

Question 81

What is the primary treatment for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome?

Answer 81

Supportive care.

Question 82

What are other treatment options for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome?

Answer 82

IVIG may be useful; corticosteroids are controversial.

Question 83

What is erythema nodosum?

Answer 83

Inflammation of fat cells under the skin, producing tender red nodules or lumps.

Question 84

At what age does erythema nodosum typically appear?

Answer 84

Between 12-20 years.

Question 85

What are common causes of erythema nodosum?

Answer 85

Idiopathic (50%), infections (Streptococcus, Mycoplasma, TB), autoimmune diseases (IBD, Sarcoidosis), medications (Sulfonamides, Penicillins).

Question 86

Which systemic disease is erythema nodosum often associated with?

Answer 86

Rheumatic fever.

Question 87

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved in erythema nodosum?

Answer 87

Delayed hypersensitivity reaction to various antigens.

Question 88

What does a biopsy of erythema nodosum show?

Answer 88

Radial granulomas.

Question 89

What diagnostic tests are useful in erythema nodosum?

Answer 89

ESR, CRP, Antistreptolysin (ASO) titers, throat culture, urinalysis, tuberculin test.

Question 90

How long does erythema nodosum typically last?

Answer 90

Self-limiting (3-6 weeks).

Question 91

What are the conservative management options for erythema nodosum?

Answer 91

Bed rest, leg elevation, compression, wet dressings, NSAIDs.

Question 92

What medication may be used for persistent lesions in erythema nodosum?

Answer 92

Potassium iodide.

Question 93

What is the underlying mechanism of erythema multiforme?

Answer 93

IgM deposition in superficial microvasculature of the skin and mucous membranes.

Question 94

What are common infectious causes of erythema multiforme?

Answer 94

Streptococci, Legionellosis, N. meningitidis, Mycobacterium, Mycoplasma.

Question 95

What virus is strongly associated with erythema multiforme?

Answer 95

Herpes simplex virus (HSV).

Question 96

What drugs are commonly implicated in erythema multiforme?

Answer 96

Sulfonamides, penicillin, phenytoin, aspirin.

Question 97

Is treatment required for erythema multiforme?

Answer 97

No, it is self-limiting.

Question 98

What is the role of glucocorticoids in erythema multiforme?

Answer 98

Their use is controversial, but sometimes used.