OB

Question 1

Nullipara

Answer 1

had no deliveries

Question 2

nullgravida

Answer 2

never pregnant

Question 3

Primipara

Answer 3

one delivery

Question 4

Multipara

Answer 4

multiple deliveries

Question 5

Grand multipara

Answer 5

> 5 births; more likely to have complications

Question 6

TPAL

Answer 6

T= term (>/= 37 wks)
P= preterm (

Question 7

G3 P 0202

Answer 7

3rd pregnancy
0 term babies
2 preterm babies
0 abortions
2 living

Question 8

Gravidity

Answer 8

current or completed pregnancies

Question 9

cutpoint for abortions in TPAL

Answer 9

> 2

Question 10

G = ?

Answer 10

T+P+A

Question 11

What do you do with adoptions?

Answer 11

some ppl add them into L

Question 12

Term vs preterm

Answer 12

37 weeks

i.e. 36 wks 6 days still preterm

Question 13

G5 P2110

Answer 13

5 pregnancies
2 terms
1 preterm
1 abortion
0 living

Question 14

Braxton-Hicks contractions

Answer 14

False Labor

• may be present first trimester
• irregular, nonrhythmic– cervix not changing
• Some ppl get them, some don’t

Question 15

3 things to ask every pregnant woman

Answer 15

bleeding, contractions, leaking fluid

+ baby moving?

Question 16

True Labor

Answer 16

Regular contractions with cervical change

Question 17

2 main hormones

Answer 17

Prostaglandins

Oxytocin

Question 18

What do prostaglandins do

Answer 18

make cervix soft

Question 19

what does oxytocin do

Answer 19

from posterior pituitary and helps with uterine contractions

Question 20

3 Stages of labor

Answer 20

Stage I: 2 phases (latent vs active) - cervix dilating
Stage II: from when 10 cm to when baby is out
Stage III: from when baby is out until placenta delivered

Question 21

Latent Phase

Answer 21

NOW 0-6 cm but used to be 0-4

SLOW

Question 22

Active Phase

Answer 22

Officially starts at 6 cm

FAST

Question 23

What is effacement vs dilation

Answer 23

Dilation = enlargening cervix
Effacement = thinning of cervix

In woman with first pregnancy will effacement first then dilate
Multiparous- usually dilate then efface

Question 24

Laboring down

Answer 24

way for mom to get uterus to move baby down naturally to get ready for birth

Question 25

Cardinal movements

Answer 25

- Engagement, descent, flexion - Internal rotation - Complete rotation with beginning of excision - Complete extension (restitution) - Deliver anterior shoulder

Question 26

signs of Third stage of labor

Answer 26

uterus becomes firmer, gush of blood, uterus rises in abdomen as placenta passes into lower segment, lengthening of umbilical cord - usually takes a half an hr

Question 27

Lacerations classifications

Answer 27

1st degree: tears into vaginal mucosa/skin 2nd deg: into submucosa and can involve muscles of perineal body 3rd deg: involves anal sphincter 4th: involves rectal mucosa

Question 28

3 Factors of labor

Answer 28

Passage (bony pelvis, soft tissue) Power Passenger

Question 29

Caldwell-Moloy Classification

Answer 29

Classifies pelvic shape - Gynecoid most common - Anthropoid more common in African American (taller, not wider)

Question 30

Assessment of Mid-pelvis

Answer 30

Feel for ischial spines

Question 31

Big reason babies get stuck

Answer 31

not coming through the canal in the right way

Question 32

What to consider on fetal heads

Answer 32

Bones in face fused but movable bones Sutures Fontanelle- spaces between bones

Question 33

5 terms for describing baby in mom

Answer 33

- Fetal Lie- axis of mom to axis of baby (longitudinal vs transverse) - Fetal Presentation **: what is presenting to cervix first - Attitiude Fetal Station** Fetal position

Question 34

Fetal presentation types

Answer 34

``` Cephalic/Vertex Breech Transverse Compound - 2 things coming out at a time Face Brow ```

Question 35

Types of Breech

Answer 35

- Complete (crossing legs) - incomplete (partial up/down) - Frank (Feet up by head)

Question 36

How to diagnose fetal presentation

Answer 36

Abdominal palpation (Leopold's Maneuvers) Vaginal Examination Auscultation (where is heart beat? high = breech) Sonography

Question 37

Fetal attitude

Answer 37

Degree of flexion a fetus assumes during labor - Flexed, - sinciput/military - brow - face

Question 38

Station

Answer 38

relationship of part of baby presenting to ischial spine levels (-5 to +5); ischial spines = 0 +5 = crowning and about to deliver

Question 39

Fetal Position

Answer 39

relation of arbirarily chosen portion of fetal presenting part to right or left side of maternal birth canal Reference points: - fetal occiput :babies coming head first - Fetal chin (mentum): face first babies - Fetal sacrum: breech babies

Question 40

OP vs OA

Answer 40

occiput posterior vs anterior compared to mom most of time babies face posterior = occiput anterior - everything relative to mom

Question 41

What parameters can you change in shock

Answer 41

1. CO (heart rate---children more HR dependent; SV- increase preload, contractility, alter afterload 2. CAO2- Increase oxygenation

Question 42

first thing to give in shock

Answer 42

isotonic fliud Saline, surgeons may be like LR