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A & P > objective 2 pt 1 > Flashcards

objective 2 pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

returns fluids leaked from BV back to blood; defends against invading organisms and disease

A

lymphatic system

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2
Q

what does the lymphatic system consist of?

A

lymphatic vessels
lymph
lymph nodes

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3
Q

provide structural basis of immune system by housing phagocytic cells and lymphocytes

A

lymphoid organs and tissues

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4
Q

returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins back to blood via lymphatic vessels

A

lymphatic system

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5
Q

circulates ~3L interstitial fluid per day

A

lymphatic vessels

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6
Q

what do lymphatic vessels offer?

A

one-way system, ensuring lymph flows only toward heart

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7
Q

Blind-ended vessels (a sealed end) that weave between tissue cells and
blood capillaries
 Absent from bones, teeth, bone marrow, and restricted to limited locations in
the meninges of the CNS
 Similar to blood capillaries, but exceptionally permeable
 Can take up larger molecules and particles that blood capillaries cannot

A

lymphatic capillaries

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8
Q

lymphatic capillaries have increased permeability due to two specialized structures which are?

A

one-way mini-valves
mini-valves are anchored by collagen, allows mini-valves to open easily

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9
Q

specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa
absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymph to the blood

A

lacteals

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10
Q

lymph capillaries drain into increasingly larger vessels

A

collecting lymphatic vessels

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11
Q

Consist of collecting vessels, trunks, and ducts
 Have structures and tunics similar to veins, except:
 Have thinner walls, with more internal valves
 Link together more frequently
 Collecting vessels in skin travel with superficial veins, but deep vessels of the
trunk travel with arteries

A

larger lymphatic vessels

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12
Q

formed by union of largest collecting vessels, drain large areas of body

A

lymphatic trunks

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13
Q

what are the two large lymphatic ducts that lymph is delivered into?

A

right lymphatic duct
thoracic duct

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14
Q

drains right upper arm and right side of upper body

A

right lymphatic duct

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15
Q

drains rest of the body

A

thoracic duct

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16
Q

empty lymph into venous circulation at junction of internal jugular and
subclavian veins in the neck to superior vena cava then right atrium of heart to
enter systemic circulation

A

ducts

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17
Q

a low-pressure system like venous system; slow flow

A

lymph system

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18
Q

what is the flow of lymphatic fluid maintained by?

A

skeletal muscle contraction
 Pressure changes in thorax during breathing
 Contractions of lymphatic vessels
 Valves prevent back flow

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19
Q

what do lymph cells consist of?

A

immune system cells
supporting cells

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20
Q

mature into one of two main types for adaptive immunity

A

lymphocytes

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21
Q

what are the main functions of lymphoid tissue?

A

houses and provides production sites for lymphocytes
offers surveillance for lymphocytes and macrophages as they filter lymph

22
Q

largely composed of reticular connective tissue
macrophages live here

A

lymphoid tissue

23
Q

grouped into two functional categories

A

lymphoid organs

24
Q

what are the 2 groups of lymphoid organs?

A

primary lymphoid organs
secondary lymphoid organs

25
Q

T and B cells originate in bone marrow, but only B cells mature there; T cells mature in thymus

A

primary lymphoid organs

26
Q

areas where mature lymphocytes first encounter their antigen and become activated

A

secondary lymphoid organs

27
Q

most important secondary lymphoid organs of body

A

lymph nodes

28
Q

what are the two main types of lymph nodes?

A

cleansing the lymph
activate the immune system

29
Q

macrophages remove and destroy microorganisms and debris
prevent unwanted substances from being delivered to blood

A

cleansing the lymph

30
Q

after a place for lymphocytes to become activated and amount an attack against antigens

A

activate the immune system

31
Q

vary in shape and size but most are bean shaped
surrounded by external fibrous capsule from which connective tissues strands call trabeculae extend inward to divide node into compartments

A

lymph node

32
Q

what are the 2 distinct regions of a node?

A

cortex
medulla

33
Q

contains mostly inactivated B cells
T cells are housed in transit
abundant numbers of dendritic cells are found here

A

cortex

34
Q

consists of medullary cords
contains both B and T lymphocytes

A

medulla

35
Q

where does the lymph enter the nodes

A

via afferent lymphatic vessels

36
Q

where does the lymph exit?

A

via efferent lymphatic vessels

37
Q

blood-rich organ about size of fist, located in left side of abdominal cavity, just
below stomach
* Largest lymphoid organ (blood reservoir)
* Served by splenic artery and vein, which enter and exit at the hilum

A

spleen

38
Q

what are the functions of the spleen

A

Site of lymphocyte production and immune function
 Destroys aged & defective red blood cells and bloodborne pathogens; macrophages
remove debris
Recycles breakdown products of hemoglobin (e.g., iron) for later reuse
2. Stores blood platelets and monocytes for release into blood when
needed
3. May be site of fetal erythrocyte production

39
Q

what are the two components that the spleen is encased by?

A

white pulp
red pulp

40
Q

site where immune function occurs

A

white pulp

41
Q

site where old blood cells and blood-borne pathogens are destroyed

A

red pulp

42
Q

Protects pathogens in certain areas from penetrating the mucous membrane lining
* Found in mucosa of respiratory tract, genitourinary organs, and digestive tract;
* largest collections of MALT found in

A

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

43
Q

simplest lymphoid organs; function to gather and remove pathogens in food or air

A

tonsils

44
Q

destroy bacteria, preventing them from breaching intestinal wall; generates memory lymphocytes

A

Peyer’s patches/aggregated lymphoid nodules

45
Q

located off large intestine; contains lymphoid follicles; functions are same Peyer’s patches; prevents bacteria from breaching the intestinal wall, also has “memory”

A

appendix

46
Q

at posterior end or oral cavity
largest of tonsils and most often infected

A

palatine tonsils

47
Q

lumoy collection of follicles at base of tongue

A

lingual tonsil

48
Q

located in posterior wall of nasopharynx; effect voice

A

pharyngeal tonsil

49
Q

surround openings of auditory tubes into pharynx

A

tubal tonsils

50
Q

bilobed, found in inferior neck
 Extends into mediastinum and partially overlies heart
 T cells mature & become immunocompetent
 Most active and largest in size during childhood
 Stops growing during adolescence, then gradually atrophies
 Still produces immunocompetent cells, though more slowly

A

thymus

51
Q

what are the ways that the thymus differs from other lymphoid organs?

A

Lacks B cells (no follicles)
2. Does not directly fight antigens
A. Functions strictly in T lymphocyte maturation site
B. Contains blood thymus barrier: keeps immature T lymphocytes
isolated from any antigens to prevent premature activation
3. Stroma of Thymus consists of epithelial cells rather than
reticular fibers.
© 2016 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC.

A & P (21 decks)

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