objective 2 pt 1

Question 1

returns fluids leaked from BV back to blood; defends against invading organisms and disease

Answer 1

lymphatic system

Question 2

what does the lymphatic system consist of?

Answer 2

lymphatic vessels
lymph
lymph nodes

Question 3

provide structural basis of immune system by housing phagocytic cells and lymphocytes

Answer 3

lymphoid organs and tissues

Question 4

returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins back to blood via lymphatic vessels

Answer 4

lymphatic system

Question 5

circulates ~3L interstitial fluid per day

Answer 5

lymphatic vessels

Question 6

what do lymphatic vessels offer?

Answer 6

one-way system, ensuring lymph flows only toward heart

Question 7

Blind-ended vessels (a sealed end) that weave between tissue cells and
blood capillaries
 Absent from bones, teeth, bone marrow, and restricted to limited locations in
the meninges of the CNS
 Similar to blood capillaries, but exceptionally permeable
 Can take up larger molecules and particles that blood capillaries cannot

Answer 7

lymphatic capillaries

Question 8

lymphatic capillaries have increased permeability due to two specialized structures which are?

Answer 8

one-way mini-valves
mini-valves are anchored by collagen, allows mini-valves to open easily

Question 9

specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa
absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymph to the blood

Answer 9

lacteals

Question 10

lymph capillaries drain into increasingly larger vessels

Answer 10

collecting lymphatic vessels

Question 11

Consist of collecting vessels, trunks, and ducts
 Have structures and tunics similar to veins, except:
 Have thinner walls, with more internal valves
 Link together more frequently
 Collecting vessels in skin travel with superficial veins, but deep vessels of the
trunk travel with arteries

Answer 11

larger lymphatic vessels

Question 12

formed by union of largest collecting vessels, drain large areas of body

Answer 12

lymphatic trunks

Question 13

what are the two large lymphatic ducts that lymph is delivered into?

Answer 13

right lymphatic duct
thoracic duct

Question 14

drains right upper arm and right side of upper body

Answer 14

right lymphatic duct

Question 15

drains rest of the body

Answer 15

thoracic duct

Question 16

empty lymph into venous circulation at junction of internal jugular and
subclavian veins in the neck to superior vena cava then right atrium of heart to
enter systemic circulation

Answer 16

ducts

Question 17

a low-pressure system like venous system; slow flow

Answer 17

lymph system

Question 18

what is the flow of lymphatic fluid maintained by?

Answer 18

skeletal muscle contraction
 Pressure changes in thorax during breathing
 Contractions of lymphatic vessels
 Valves prevent back flow

Question 19

what do lymph cells consist of?

Answer 19

immune system cells
supporting cells

Question 20

mature into one of two main types for adaptive immunity

Answer 20

lymphocytes

Question 21

what are the main functions of lymphoid tissue?

Answer 21

houses and provides production sites for lymphocytes
offers surveillance for lymphocytes and macrophages as they filter lymph

Question 22

largely composed of reticular connective tissue
macrophages live here

Answer 22

lymphoid tissue

Question 23

grouped into two functional categories

Answer 23

lymphoid organs

Question 24

what are the 2 groups of lymphoid organs?

Answer 24

primary lymphoid organs
secondary lymphoid organs

Question 25

T and B cells originate in bone marrow, but only B cells mature there; T cells mature in thymus

Answer 25

primary lymphoid organs

Question 26

areas where mature lymphocytes first encounter their antigen and become activated

Answer 26

secondary lymphoid organs

Question 27

most important secondary lymphoid organs of body

Answer 27

lymph nodes

Question 28

what are the two main types of lymph nodes?

Answer 28

cleansing the lymph activate the immune system

Question 29

macrophages remove and destroy microorganisms and debris prevent unwanted substances from being delivered to blood

Answer 29

cleansing the lymph

Question 30

after a place for lymphocytes to become activated and amount an attack against antigens

Answer 30

activate the immune system

Question 31

vary in shape and size but most are bean shaped surrounded by external fibrous capsule from which connective tissues strands call trabeculae extend inward to divide node into compartments

Answer 31

lymph node

Question 32

what are the 2 distinct regions of a node?

Answer 32

cortex medulla

Question 33

contains mostly inactivated B cells T cells are housed in transit abundant numbers of dendritic cells are found here

Answer 33

cortex

Question 34

consists of medullary cords contains both B and T lymphocytes

Answer 34

medulla

Question 35

where does the lymph enter the nodes

Answer 35

via afferent lymphatic vessels

Question 36

where does the lymph exit?

Answer 36

via efferent lymphatic vessels

Question 37

blood-rich organ about size of fist, located in left side of abdominal cavity, just below stomach * Largest lymphoid organ (blood reservoir) * Served by splenic artery and vein, which enter and exit at the hilum

Answer 37

spleen

Question 38

what are the functions of the spleen

Answer 38

Site of lymphocyte production and immune function  Destroys aged & defective red blood cells and bloodborne pathogens; macrophages remove debris Recycles breakdown products of hemoglobin (e.g., iron) for later reuse 2. Stores blood platelets and monocytes for release into blood when needed 3. May be site of fetal erythrocyte production

Question 39

what are the two components that the spleen is encased by?

Answer 39

white pulp red pulp

Question 40

site where immune function occurs

Answer 40

white pulp

Question 41

site where old blood cells and blood-borne pathogens are destroyed

Answer 41

red pulp

Question 42

Protects pathogens in certain areas from penetrating the mucous membrane lining * Found in mucosa of respiratory tract, genitourinary organs, and digestive tract; * largest collections of MALT found in

Answer 42

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 43

simplest lymphoid organs; function to gather and remove pathogens in food or air

Answer 43

tonsils

Question 44

destroy bacteria, preventing them from breaching intestinal wall; generates memory lymphocytes

Answer 44

Peyer's patches/aggregated lymphoid nodules

Question 45

located off large intestine; contains lymphoid follicles; functions are same Peyer's patches; prevents bacteria from breaching the intestinal wall, also has "memory"

Answer 45

appendix

Question 46

at posterior end or oral cavity largest of tonsils and most often infected

Answer 46

palatine tonsils

Question 47

lumoy collection of follicles at base of tongue

Answer 47

lingual tonsil

Question 48

located in posterior wall of nasopharynx; effect voice

Answer 48

pharyngeal tonsil

Question 49

surround openings of auditory tubes into pharynx

Answer 49

tubal tonsils

Question 50

bilobed, found in inferior neck  Extends into mediastinum and partially overlies heart  T cells mature & become immunocompetent  Most active and largest in size during childhood  Stops growing during adolescence, then gradually atrophies  Still produces immunocompetent cells, though more slowly

Answer 50

thymus

Question 51

what are the ways that the thymus differs from other lymphoid organs?

Answer 51

Lacks B cells (no follicles) 2. Does not directly fight antigens A. Functions strictly in T lymphocyte maturation site B. Contains blood thymus barrier: keeps immature T lymphocytes isolated from any antigens to prevent premature activation 3. Stroma of Thymus consists of epithelial cells rather than reticular fibers. © 2016 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC.