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Renal II > Obstructive uropathy > Flashcards

Obstructive uropathy Flashcards

1
Q

Common causes of urinary tract obstruction within the renal pelvis

A

Calculi
Tumors
Ureteropelvic stricture

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2
Q

Common causes of urinary tract obstruction intrinsic to the ureter

A

Calculi
Tumors
Clots
Sloughed papillae
Inflammation

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3
Q

Common causes of urinary tract obstruction extrinsic to the ureter

A

Pregnancy
Tumors
Retroperitoneal fibrosis

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4
Q

Common causes of urinary tract obstruction in the bladder

A

Calculi
Tumors
Functional (neurogenic)

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5
Q

Common causes of urinary tract obstruction in the prostate

A

Hyperplasia
Carcinoma
Prostatitis

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6
Q

Common causes of urinary tract obstruction in the urethra

A

Posterior valve stricture
Tumor (rare)

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7
Q

Congenital anomalies that may cause urinary tract obstruction

A

Posterior urethral valves
Urethral strictures
Meatal stenosis
Bladder neck obstruction
Ureteropelvic junction narrowing or obstruction
Severe vesicoureteral reflux

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8
Q

Specific tumors that may cause urinary tract obstruction

A

Carcinoma of prostate
Bladder tumors
Contiguous malignant disease (retroperitoneal lymphoma)
Carcinoma or cervix or uterus

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9
Q

Dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces associated with progressive atrophy of the kidney

A

Hydronephrosis

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10
Q

Possibly enlarged kidney with dilatation of the pelvis and calyces, thinning of the cortex, striking parenchymal atrophy, and total obliteration of the pyramids.

A

Hydronephrosis

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11
Q

Microscopic features of hydronephrosis

A

Interstitial inflammation and fibrosis
Tubular atrophy

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12
Q

Result of removal of complete bilateral urinary tract obstruction associated with hydronephrosis

A

Massive diuresis with lost of NaCl

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13
Q

Most important cause of renal stone formation

A

Supersaturation of urine

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14
Q

Inhibitor of crystal formation in urine that may be deficient

A

Nephrocalcin

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15
Q

What decreases the likelihood of renal stone formation via chelation?

A

Citrate

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16
Q

Radiopaque renal stones that are dumbbell-shaped and enveloped-shaped. Sometimes accompanied with hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria.

A

Calcium oxalate

17
Q

Radiopaque, coffin lid shaped urine crystals that form in alkaline urine. Associated with Proteus infection.

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate/triple PO4/struvite

18
Q

Radiolucent kidney stone that is most often a rhomboid shape, but may be in rosettes. Only form in acidic urine.

A

Uric acid stones

19
Q

Conditions associated with formation of uric acid stones

A

Gout
Leukemia

20
Q

Genetic defect in renal reabsorption of amino acids is associated with formation of these hexagonal crystals

A

Cystine

21
Q

Clinical features of urolithiasis

A

Hematuria
Renal colic
Obstruction and infection

22
Q

Radiopaque, spherical kidney stone. Associated with primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Calcium phosphate

Renal II (15 decks)

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