UTI Flashcards

(34 cards)

1
Q

Defense mechanisms against urinary tract infection

A

Flushing of urine
Physical barrier
Acidic pH
Antimicrobial substances
Desquamation

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2
Q

Sterile parts of urinary tract

A

Kidneys, ureters, and bladder

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3
Q

Normal flora of urethra

A

S epidermidis
Enterococci
Diphtheroids
Coliforms
Candida

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4
Q

Groups at risk for asymptomatic UTI

A

Elderly
Pregnant
Children

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5
Q

What causes a complicated UTI?

A

Structural, functional, and/or metabolic abnormalities

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6
Q

Viruses that may cause UTI

A

Adenovirus
BK polyoma
CMV

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7
Q

Fungi that may cause UTI

A

Candida
Histoplasma capsulatum –> descending

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8
Q

Parasite that may cause UTI

A

Schistosoma hematobium

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9
Q

Motile, gram negative bacilli that ferments lactose.

A

E coli

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10
Q

Virulence factor of E coli that contributes to development o sepsis

A

Endotoxin –> Lipid A of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

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11
Q

Highly motile, flagellated, gram negative, pleomorphic bacilli. Grows in confluent films and does not ferment lactose. Positive for urease.

A

Proteus mirabilis

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12
Q

Virulence factor that mediates sepsis in Proteus UTI

A

Endotoxin (LPS)

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13
Q

Gram negative, motile, oxidase positive bacilli that does not ferment lactose. Produces pyocyanin and pyoverdin pigments.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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14
Q

UTI causing bacteria that can form biofilms in catheters. It does not ferment lactose.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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15
Q

Virulence factor of pseudomonas aeruginosa that inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with EF-2

A

Exotoxin-A

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16
Q

Gram positive, catalase negative, PYR positive, spherical or oval cocci in pairs at acute angles. Non-hemolytic, resistant to bile salts, and hydrolyzes esculin. Resistant to NaCl and high temp.

A

Enterococcus fecalis and fecium

17
Q

What antibiotics work for antibiotic resistant enterococcus species?

A

Oxacillin
Cephalosporin

18
Q

Gram positive, catalase positive, coagulase negative cocci in clusters. Resistant to novobiocin.

A

Staph saprophyticus

19
Q

Endemic areas for Schistosoma

A

Africa
Middle East
Japan

20
Q

Infective form of Schistosoma

A

Cercaria –> larval form that penetrates skin

21
Q

Intermediate host of Schistosoma

22
Q

Cytokines that respond to Th2 to induce production of IgE and eosinophils in response to helminth infection

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-13
IL-10

23
Q

Risk with chronic cases of Schistosomiasis

A

SCC of bladder

24
Q

Cytokines responsible for granuloma formation and intense fibrosis in Schistosomiasis

A

IL-4 and IL-13

25
icosahedral, naked, dsDNA virus with penton fibers. Rare cause of UTI associated with hemorrhagic cystitis.
Adenovirus
26
Cut of pathologic pyuria
>5 PMNs/hpf
27
What is suggested by UTI symptoms with sterile pyuria and negative culture?
Chlamydial or mycobacterium infection Collected after start of antibiotics
28
What is indicated by positive nitrites on UA?
Infection with gram negative organism
29
What is the cut of for significant bactiuria?
>/= 10^5 CFU/mil of single pathogen
30
When does asymptomatic, but significant, bacteriuria require treatment?
Pregnancy
31
Treatments for uncomplicated cystitis
Nitrofurantoin Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Fosfomycin Pivmecillinam Augmentin --> enterococci
32
Treatments for complicated UTI (pyelonephritis)
Fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin) IV Ceftriaxone Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
33
Specific treatment required for perinephric abscess with UTI
Surgical drainage
34