OCR textbook - campaign for political rights (1) 1865-1900

Question 1

prohibition

Answer 1

• major reason for develop. of suffrage movement
• women introduced to greater public participation
• foundation of womens christian temperance union (1874)
  -^^gave women valuable experience in publicity/mobilising support

Question 2

1874

Answer 2

womens christian temperance union (WCTU) founded

Question 3

WCTU in 1880

Answer 3

• national organisation in 24 states
• membership of 27,000 women

Question 4

membership (women) increase of WCTU

Answer 4

1880 = 27,000
1880s = 168,000
1920 = 800,000

Question 5

leader of WCTU & what did they achieve/how

Answer 5

• frances willard

achieved:
- political aims –> persuaded local legislatures to ban alcohol

how?
- campaign involved political pressure eg. lobbying & mass meetings

Question 6

important aspect of civil rights movement of 1950/60s

Answer 6

link between religion & political demands

Question 7

rural & urban political involvement

Answer 7

rural
- women active in rural protests - esp. grange movement & farmer’s alliance
- women spoke at public meetings eg. railway expansion

urban
- charity organisation society

Question 8

populist part

Answer 8

US people’s party founded in 1891 & represented discontented southern/western farmers

Question 9

well known orator for populist party

Answer 9

elizabeth lease

Question 10

unintended consequences of 14th/15th amendment for women

Answer 10

14th amendment = guaranteed equal rights but penalised states which denied rights to ‘any of the male inhabitants of such state’
15th amendment = stated voting rights couldn’t be denied ‘on account of race, colour or previous condition of servitude’ - did not mention sex

Question 11

suffrage organisations

Answer 11

• leaders of women suffrage campaign: susan b. anthony & elizabeth cady stanton
• 1869 - NWSA founded
• lucy stone & julia howard founded AWSA
• AWSA & NAWSA merged in 1890 –> NAWSA

Question 12

how was the suffrage cause weakened in the 19th century

Answer 12

divide between rival suffrage organisations NWSA & AWSA as aim was different

Question 13

what did NWSA campaign for

Answer 13

• national change
• broader view & adopted feminist line –> opposing male domination in several spheres

Question 14

what did AWSA campaign for

Answer 14

• aimed to get women voting in individual states for state legislatures
• one-issue organisation

Question 15

susan b. anthony

Answer 15

• quaker opposed to slavery
• founded temperance society with elizabeth cady stanton in 1852
• joint founder of NWSA in 1869
• led united suffrage movement after 1890 as head of new NAWSA
• gained notoriety for her arrest for attempting to vote in 1872

Question 16

progress in some states - 19thC

Answer 16

• individual states granted some women the right to vote eg. wyoming 1869 & utah 1870

Question 17

voting issue by women in 19thC

Answer 17

• (test 14th & 15th amendments) susan b. anthony & ~150 other women tried to vote in 1871 & 1872
• arrested & tried for electoral malpractice
• late 1880s/early 1890s there was progressing on voting on local issues but these were hedged by restrictions
• men saw women voting an unnatural & a distraction from their domestic duties

Question 18

groups of women opposed to suffrage

Answer 18

• national asssociation opposed to womens suffrage (1911) –> 1 of largest & supported by special journal: ‘the remonstrance’
• groups saw women’s rights as undermining the special place/respect for women in their work in the home, raising children & working for good causes

Question 19

other ways women faced opposition

Answer 19

• (among some immigrants) catholics, supported by priests, saw suffrage reform as weakening the family
• southern democrats disliked womens suffrage

Question 20

why did southern democrats dislike women’s suffrage

Answer 20

• may introduce labour laws which would harm the south
• work against restrictions it had imposed of AA (jim crow)

Question 21

how much progress had been made by 1900

Answer 21

suffragists made little impact:
- splits in organisations not entirely healed
- southern organisations unwilling to give AA the vote
- not complete agreement on which women should be eligible to vote
- progress made/groups organised BUT opposition had built up
- movement distracted by other causes eg. temperance
- links with temperance seen by some as too ‘protestant’