OCR textbook - campaign for political rights (4) WW2 Flashcards
main changes
- greater no. of women went to work
- restrictions on women working made to protect men’s jobs fell away as factories/workshops needed labour for gov. contracts
- men were taken in increasing numbers into the armed forces
describe the propaganda used for women
- gave impression of considerable expansion of opportunity & responsibility for women
- special ‘women’s advisory committee’ to advise on utilisation of women during the war effort
how many women increased in state legislatures during the war
increased from 144 to 228
other changes for women during the war
- increase in women in congress & public office
- women worked in more skilled jobs
political limitations for women
- weren’t involved in wartime decision
- new deal gov. agencies dominated by men
- women unable to secure the type of support for working women in the form of childcare & cheap restaurants/canteens (dual responsibilities)
- accept unequal pay
- little consultation for AA women/opportunity to join armed forces/take managerial roles
- life for japanese women became hard & there was confinement /discrimination
- women had little influence in political parties
- women remained divided
why did the life for japanese women become difficult in america
due to the harsh treatment of the japanese community after the japanese attack on pearl harbour in 1941
results of the war
- sustained period of prosperity due to increased economic activity during the war = led to greater domestication of women
- post-war period = period of stagnation/regression for women
losses rather than gains?
- women workers discriminated against
- many women fired as war ended
- not all lost jobs/returned to the home but they had to accept: lower pay, lower status & exclusion from many key jobs
- pay gap increase
- sexual exploitation increased
- women expected to combine work w/ domestic responsibilites
- concentration of women in traditional roles eg nursing, teaching
how many women had been fired from heavy industry by 1946
2 mil
how many women lost their jobs within the 2 months after the war ended (against japan 1945)
800,000
when did the gap between men/women’s pay increase
1945-1960
losses rather than gains? - ethnic minorities
- AA women suffered larger wage differences
-^^economic/political discrimination further linked in the south
campaigning by ethnic minorities
- national federation of afro-american women 1895 = representatives in 10 states
- national associaton of coloured women (1896) & negro rural school federation (1907) = pioneering groups
- AA women took part in wider NAACP
- national association of coloured women’s clubs = led by vocal advocate of rights of black women - mary mcleod bethune
- individual women led local organisations & promoted education/
racial awareness - in wake of successful bus boycott, other local intitiatives saw influential leadership & input from AA women eg. ella baker
political position gave to mary mcleod bethune
appointed to a senior position in the national youth administration by president roosevelt in 1936
who organised the influential ‘highlander folk school for african americans’ in south caroline (rosa parks attended)
septima clark
