OCR textbook - campaign for political rights (2) 1900-1930

Question 1

who was the leader of NAWSA that insisted the promise of suffrage would induce women to support the war effort - agreed by president wilson

Answer 1

carrie chapman catt

Question 2

carrie chapman catt

Answer 2

• teacher from iowa
• led woman suffrage association in 1890s
• addressed congress on women’s rights
• became susan b. anthonys successor as president of NAWSA in 1900
• effective at gaining support for women’s suffrage at state level
• her support for the war (1917) helped persuade congress to pass the 19th amendment

Question 3

which states gave women the right to vote in 1917

Answer 3

illinois & new york

Question 4

which states gave women the right to vote in 1918

Answer 4

south dakota, michigan & omaha

Question 5

1920

Answer 5

nineteenth amendment passed

Question 6

was the nineteenth amendment final ratification in 1920 a major turning point

Answer 6

could be seen as:
- reward for work
- symbolic extension of US democracy
- extension of movements towards giving women political rights, seen in some states before war
- major move towards using women’s particular interests/abilities on a national scale

Question 7

what was society like after the 19th amendment

Answer 7

• remained male-dominated
• many women voted in the way their husbands favoured
• much economic/social change of war was short-lived
• women still faced discrimination in terms of wages, social attitudes & ability to exercise their rights

Question 8

women’s suffrage organisations

Answer 8

• NAWSA changed into league of the women votes (LWV)
• conservative associations were popular (non radical) - eg. daughters of the american revolution

Question 9

how did the league of women voters become divided

Answer 9

• veteran campaigner (jane addams) wanted women to campaign on women’s issues
• carrie chapman catt wanted women to integrate into national political life & develop into equal citizens/participants

Question 10

what percentage of NAWSA members joined the LWV

Answer 10

5-10%

Question 11

what did women also become interested in

Answer 11

non-party political issues eg. womens international league for peace

Question 12

who campaigned for the prevention of lynching

Answer 12

association of southern women

Question 13

daughters of the american revolution

Answer 13

• openly patriotic society open to women who can show their ancestors played a role in achieving US independence
• formed in 1890 by descendant of george washington
• now has 180,000 members
• aimed to commemorate/celebrate key elements of US history

Question 14

continuing opposition

Answer 14

• suffragists = ‘unwomanly’
• the national association opposed to women’s suffrage = outlook similar to daughters of the american revolution/conservative women
• ^later opposed new feminism & the ERA

Question 15

how did the suffrage movement revive - despite the opposition

Answer 15

• merging of AWSA & NWSA in 1890
• however, divides within the group were present
• eg. some wanted universal suffrage & others wanted solely white elite

Question 16

continuity or change? - 1865-1920

Answer 16

• political activity centred around certain issues to women, not national concerns, eg.
  
  • right to own land
  • right to run for public office
  • right to register as voters in some states
  • right to have access to all posts in civil service
  • right to serve on juries
    = political activity became fragmented
• inequalities remained even with the right to vote
• men dominated public life
• US society didn’t accept women’s social/economic equality

Question 17

the equal rights amendment (ERA)

Answer 17

• the national women’s party appealed for an ERA to confirm move towards equality (not achieved by 1920)
• divided opinion within women’s groups
• some feared it would remove protection women had gained eg. working hours
• radical acivists believed equal rights would mean protection would be extended to both men/women
• some felt equal pay wou;d be distastrous for women as employers wouldn’t be able to afford female workers & enemployment would rise

Question 18

how many states had regulations for female working hours by 1900 - and what were they

Answer 18

36% of states
–> 8-10 hours

Question 19

what caused 75%+ of states (by 1920) to pass legislations restricting women’s hours of work

Answer 19

a decision by the supreme court in 1912 to declare state regulation legal

Question 20

which state passed equal rights legislation in 1921

Answer 20

wisconsin

Question 21

what problems did women face when voting

Answer 21

• women often followed lead of husbands/families
• rise to problems for many women eg.
  
  • registration wasn’t always easy –> married women had to re-
    register as individuals
  • problems in meeting some local residency requirements
• difficult for women looking after children, who’s husbands were away, to travel to the voting stations
• some states were slow to amend legislation allowing women to be candidates for public office

Question 22

how many women were in state legislatures by 1933 vs. 1945

Answer 22

1933 = 146
1945 = 234

Question 23

how many female governors of state were there for the 20 years following the 19th amendment

Answer 23

2 - standing in for husbands

Question 24

restrictions for AA women voting in the south

Answer 24

• literacy tests
• threat of phyiscal/veral abuse/harassment