Insertion of the supinator
Cranial aspect of proximal radius
Origin of the brachialis
Brachialis groove (proximal and lateral aspect of the humerus)
Action of deep digital flexor
Flex carpus, flex digits
Parts of the trapezius
Cervical trapezius and thoracic trapezius
Action of subscapularis
Medially stabilizes shoulder, adduct shoulder, extend shoulder
Insertion of omotransversarius
Distal end of spine of scapula
Action of latissimus dorsi
Draw limb caudally, flex shoulder
Insertion of the lateral digital extensor
Extensor process of the distal phalanx of digits 3, 4 & 5
Insertion of the common digital extensor
Extensor processes of the distal phalanx of digits 2,3,4 & 5
Action of the teres minor
Laterally stabilizes the shoulder, laterally rotates shoulder, flex shoulder
Insertion of the trapezius
Spine of scapula
Action of the brachialis
Flex elbow
Insertion of the ulnaris lateralis
Lateral aspect of the proximal end (base) of MC, accessory carpal bone
Insertion of anconeus
Proximal and lateral aspect of the ulna
Origin of anconeus
Lateral supracondylar crest of the humerus; lateral and medial epicondyles of the humerus
Deep pectoral action
Pulls trunk cranially when limb is moving forward, extending shoulder
Insertion of subscapularis
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action of serratus ventralis
Support trunk, depress scapula
Origin of flexor carpi radialis
Medial epicondyle of the humerus; medial border of the radius
Three parts of the rhomboideus
Rhomboideus capitis (head) Rhomboideus cervicis (neck) Rhomboideus thoracis (thorax)
Action of the pronator teres
Pronation (rotate the antebrachium medially so that the palmar surface of the paw faces the ground)
Action of brachocephalicus
Advance the limb, extend shoulder, draw head and neck side to side
Origin of flexor carpi ulnaris
Two heads: ulnar and humeral
Medial epicondyle of the humerus; olecranon caudal and medial aspect
Fibrous raphe
Fusion of connective tissues at the midline
Insertion of the biceps brachii
Radial and ulnar tuberosities
Action of superficial digital flexor
Flex carpus; flex digits 2-5
Origin of serratus ventralis
Ribs, transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Superficial pectoral action
Adduct limb (non-weight bearing)/prevent abduction of limb (weight bearing)
Insertion of serratus ventralis
Serrated face in scapula
Insertion of the tensor fasciae antebrachii
Olecranon of the ulna
Origin of the triceps brachii
Long head: caudal border of scapula
Other heads: tricipital line, proximal humerus
Insertion of brachiocephalicus
Distal end of cranial humerus (cleidobrachialis)
Middorsal fibrous raphe of neck (cleidocephalicus pars cervicalis)
Mastoid part of the temporal bone (cleidocephalicus pars mastoideus)
Action of the anconeus
Extend elbow
Insertion of the brachialis
Radial and ulnar tuberosities
Origin of tensor fasciae antebrachii
Fascia covering the lateral surface of the latissimus dorsi muscle
Origin of superficial digital flexor
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Accessory carpal bone
Origin of the Supraspinatus
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Action of triceps brachii
Flex shoulder (long head) and extend elbow (all heads)
Action of flexor carpi radialis
Flex carpus
Origin of rhomboideus
Base of skull-nuchal crest of occipital bone
Median fibrous raphe of neck
Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
Origin of the common digital extensor
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion of deep digital flexor
Flexor tubercle (palmar surface of the base) of the distal phalanx of each digit
Origin of deltoideus
Spine and acromion of scapula
Insertion of latissimus dorsi
There’s major tuberosity of humerus via teres major tendon
Insertion of the abductor pollicis longus
Proximal end of metacarpal 1
Action of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Flex carpus
Insertion of the extensor carpi radialis
Metacarpal tuberosities of MC 2 & 3 (dorsal)
Action of supinator
Supination (rotate antebrachium laterally so that the palmar surface of the paw faces medially)
Action of rhomboideus
Elevate limb, draw scapula against trunk
Action of the ulnaris lateralis
Abduct carpus, flex carpus
Action of the biceps brachii
Extend shoulder, flex elbow
Action of trapezius
Elevate and abduct limb
Insertion of deltoideus
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Origin of trapezius
Median fibrous raphe of the neck, supraspinous ligament
Insertion of the teres minor
Teres minor tuberosity of the humerus
Action of common digital extensor
Extend joints of four principal digits
Insertion of the flexor carpi radialis
Palmar surface of proximal aspect of MC 2&3
Deep pectoral origin
Ventral part of sternum; median fibrous raphe at the ventral midline
Origin of the supinator
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Synsarcosis
Muscular articulation attaching the thoracic limb to the body
Origin of coracobrachialis
Coracoid process of scapula
Action of abductor pollicis longus
Abduct digit 1
Action of omotransversarius
Advance the limb, flex the neck laterally
Action of the deltoideus
Flex shoulder
Origin of omotransversarius
Wing (transverse process) of the atlas
Action of tensor fasciae antebrachii
Extend elbow
Origin ofsubscapularis
Subscapular fossa of scapula
Action of teres major
Flex shoulder, rotate limb medially
Origin of ulnaris lateralis
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion of teres major
Teres major tuberosity of the humerus
Origin of infraspinatus
Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Origin of lateral digital extensor
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Origin of the deep digital flexor
3 heads: radial, humeral and ulnar
Medial epicondyle of humerus; ulna; radius
Action of coracobrachialis
Mainly a shoulder stabilizer
Superficial pectoral origin
Origin: first three sternebrae;median fibrous raphe at ventral midline
Insertion of the superficial digital flexor
Palmar surface of the proximal aspect of the middle phalanges of digits 2,3,4&5
Aponeurosis
Fibrous tissue taking place of a tendon in sheet-like muscles with large area of attachment
Insertion of rhomboideus
Dorsal border of scapula
Origin of the extensor carpi radialis
Lateral supracondylar crest of the humerus
Action of lateral digital extensor
Extend joints of digits 3, 4 & 5
Insertion of infraspinatus
Lateral side of the greater tubercule of humerus
Insertion of the supraspinatus
Greater tubercle of the humerus
Origin of pronator teres
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Superficial pectoral insertion
Crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Origin of teres major
Caudal angle and caudal border of the scapula
Origin of the brachiocephalicus
Clavicular intersection
Origin of the biceps brachii
Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Origin of the abductor pollicis longus
Lateral and cranial border of the ulna; interosseus membrane between the radius and ulna
Origin of latissimus dorsi
Thoracolumbar fascia, last few ribs
Insertion of the pronator teres
Medial border of the radius
Action of infraspinatus
Laterally stabilizes the shoulder, abduct and laterally rotate shoulder
Parts of the brachiocephalicus
Cleidorachialis and cleidocephalicus-pars cervicalis and pars mastoideus
Action of the extensor carpi radialis
Extend carpus
Action of the supraspinatus
Laterally stabilizes the shoulder, extends shoulder
Deep pectoral insertion
Lesser tubercle of the humerus
Greater tubercle and crest of the humerus via aponeurosis
Insertion of the triceps brachii
Olecranon of ulna
Origin of the teres minor
Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, distal caudal border
Insertion of coracobrachialis
Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
Where would you find the superficial cervical lymph node?
The ventral border of the omnotransversarius and just cranial to the scapula
Where is the transverse humeral retinaculum?
Extends from the greater to the lesser tubercle over this groove, holding the tendon of the biceps brachii in place.
What is the sleeve on the superficial digital flexor called?
Flexor manica
Where is the palmar annular ligament?
Holds down the tendons of both the SDF and the DDF at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint.
What does the proximal digital annular ligament do?
Holds down the tendons of the SDF and DDF at the level of the proximal phalanx of the digits.
What does the distal digital annular ligament do?
Holds down the tendon of the DDF at the proximal aspect of the middle phalanx of the digits.
What does the dorsal elastic ligament do on cats?
Retracts the cat claw
What does the deep digital flexor do on cats?
Protracts the claw
What are the adductors of the thoracic limb?
Pectorals
Subscapularis
Coracobrachialis
What are the abductors of the thoracic limb?
Trapezius
Infraspinatus
What are the flexors of the shoulder?
Deep pectoral Latissimus dorsi Deltoideus Infraspinatuous Teres minor Teres major
What are the shoulder extensors?
Brachiocephalicus Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Coracobrachialis Biceps brachii
What are the flexors of the elbow?
Biceps brachii
Brachilais
What are the the extensors of the elbow?
Tensor fascia antebrachii
Triceps
Anconeus
