ANS

Question 1

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

Answer 1

8

Question 2

Where do the cervical nerves arise from?

Answer 2

First pair comes from the lateral vertebral foramen of atlas

Remaining emerge cranial to corresponding cervical vertebrae

Question 3

What are the two branches of CSN 2?

Answer 3

Greater auricular nerve

Transverse cervical nerve

Question 4

What muscle does the accessory cranial nerve innervate?

Answer 4

Trapezius

Question 5

What is the function of the CNS?

Answer 5

Relays and integrates info received from the periphery of the body

Question 6

What is the function of the PNS?

Answer 6

Transmit sensory input and motor output to/from CNS from/to periphery of body

Question 7

What are the organs of the CNS?

Answer 7

Brain and spinal cord

Question 8

What is the structure of the CNS?

Answer 8

Gray matter (nuclei)
White matter (tracts)

Question 9

What is the structure of the PNS?

Answer 9

Nerves (white matter)

Ganglia (gray matter)

Question 10

What is a neuron?

Answer 10

Electrical conducting cells

Question 11

What are the parts of a neuron?

Answer 11

Receiving end: dendrites, relays information towards the cell body

Conducting end: axon, relays information away from the body

Question 12

What are afferent and efferent neurons?

Answer 12

Afferent: sensory neurons that relay information to the CNS

Efferent: motor neurons from the CNS

Question 13

What is the difference of a somatic and visceral neuron?

Answer 13

Somatic deals with transfer of information to/from skeletal muscle

Visceral deals with transfer of information to/from involuntary tissue

Question 14

Interneurons

Answer 14

Provide integration of information between various regions of the CNS

Question 15

In what location are all nerves mixed?

Answer 15

Spinal nerves

Dorsal root: afferent neurons
Ventral root: efferent neurons

Question 16

What are the major divisions of the ANS?

Answer 16

Anatomic
Physiological
Pharmacological

Question 17

What are the physiological components of the ANS?

Answer 17

Sympathetic division
Fight or flight
Increases energy consumption

Parasympathetic division
Rest and digest
Gains and conserves energy

Question 18

What are the anatomical divisions of the ANS?

Answer 18

Thoracolumbar
     Sympathetic division
     Pre synaptic fibers exit from T1-L5
     Short fibers
     Generally synapse with sympathetic ganglia

Craniosacral
Parasympathetic division
Pre synaptic fibers are long
Synapse with ganglia in organs that they innervate

Question 19

What are the pharmacological regions of the ANS?

Answer 19

Adrenergic receptors which release adrenaline

Cholinergic receptors which release acetylcholine

Question 20

Where are presynaptic cell bodies located in the SNS?

Answer 20

Thoracic and lumbar portion of the spinal cord

Question 21

What ganglia form the sympathetic trunk?

Answer 21

Presynaptic sympathetic nervous system ganglia

Question 22

What makes up paravertebral ganglia?

Answer 22

Post-synaptic sympathetic cell bodies located on either side of vertebral bodies

Question 23

Axons of pre-SNS neurons may synapse with post-SNS cell bodies in:

Answer 23

Ganglia of paravertebral chain
Ganglia located in cervical chain
Pre-vertebral ganglia

Question 24

What are the three ganglia within the cervical region?

Answer 24

Cervicothoracic ganglia
Middle cervical ganglia
Cranial cervical ganglia

Question 25

Where are the pre-vertebral ganglia and which ganglia make up this region?

Answer 25

Caudal to the diaphragm Celiac ganglion Cranial mesenteric ganglion Caudal mesenteric ganglion

Question 26

What axons are the splanchnic nerves made from and where do they not synapse with?

Answer 26

Pre-SNS axons | Paravertebral chain

Question 27

What are hypogastric nerves made of and where do they innervate?

Answer 27

Post-SNS axons | Innervate viscera from the pelvic cavity

Question 28

Where are pre-synaptic cell bodies of PSNS located?

Answer 28

Brain nuclei and sacral regions of spinal cord

Question 29

Where are post synaptic PSNS ganglia found?

Answer 29

Within the viscera of the organ they serve

Question 30

Ansa subclavia

Answer 30

This is a loop formed by the division of the sympathetic trunk around the subclavian artery

Question 31

Where do SNS and PSNS fibers share the same sheath?

Answer 31

Vagosympathetic trunk These fibers don't synapse The nerves travel in opposite directions SNS fibers travel cranially and PSNS fibers travel caudally

Question 32

Where are the right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves found?

Answer 32

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve is found curving around the ligamentum arteriosum and the aortic arch Right recurrent laryngeal nerve is foundcurving around the right subclavian artery

Question 33

Phrenic nerves

Answer 33

Supply somatic motor innervation to the diaphragm | Mixed nerves