Okaps flashcards - Retina Flashcards by Daniel Chao

what type of collagen is vitreous?

type II

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what are elschnig spots

choroidal infarcts in severe hypertensive retinopathy

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tertiary vitreous forms what structures?

zonules

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stickler’s systemic findings

hyperextensible joints, arthritis, orofacial findings, cleft palot Pierre Robin malformation complex

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Causes of bull’s eye maculopathy

drugs (chloroquine, chlopromazine, thioridzine, tamoxifen), confe dystrophy, stargardt’s disease, inverse RP Batten’s disease

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what is wrong in gyrate atrophine

error of ornithine aminotrasferase leading to increaed ornithing

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treatment of gyrate atrophy

pyridoxine and arginine restricted diet

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risk factors for ROP

born less thant 36 weeks, less than 2000 g

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threshold diseas

stage 3 ro with , zone 1 or 2 invovled, 5 or more continuous clock hours or 8 cumulative clock hours, plus disease

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when should ROP be screened

4-6 weeks after birth or 30 weeks, which ever is later.

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how often does ROP regress?

85%

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degenerative retinoschsis in myopes or hyperopes

hyperopes

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ERG finding in X linked retinoschisi

B wave decreased compared to a wave

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retinoschiss vs. RD

schisis absolute scotoma

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DRVS study

benefit of early vitrectomy in type I, not in type II

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what is a Fuch’s spot

pigment proliferation after absorption of macular hemorrhage from CNV in highly myopic individuals

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Bull’s eye maculopathy

chloroquine toxicity, cone dystrophy, Bardet Biedel syndrome, Batten’s inverse RP, macular dystrophy, stargardt’s

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what are signs that choroidal nevus is malignant

subretinal fluid, orange pigment, growth, symptoms,

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Ddx for decrase in b wave

siderosis, congeneital tationary night blindness, CRAO, qinne or methanol toicity, X linked retinoshisis

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EOG

measures RPE function

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Ocular findings in RP

PSC, myopia, optic disc drusen, KCN, glaucoma, Intermediate uvietis, PVD

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Refsum’s disease

increase in phytanic acid, pig retinopathy, cataracts, cerebellar ataxia, deafness

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What mucopolysaccharidoses associated with pigment retinopathy?

Hurler, hunter, scheie, sanfilippo

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Oguchi’s disease

recessive form of stationary night blindnes 2-12 hr delay of attaining normal dark adapted rod thresholds

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Fundus albipunctatus

recessive form of stationary night blindness, tiny yellow white spots sparing macula

what is the specificity gravity of silicone oil

0.975, slightly less than fluid in vitreous

where do trasumatic retinal dialyses occur

superonasal

difference between classic and occult CNV

classic hyperfluoresecen very early with boundaries, ocul hyperfluoresces later, may have indistinct borders

AR, chromsome 16 obesity, polydactyly, hypogonadism, MR, pigmentary retinopathy

Bardet-Biedell syndrome

ichthyosis and pigmentary retinopathy

Refsum and sjogren larsson

patients' about 40, bilateral subfoveal NVM

Sorby's macular dystrophy

ddx for crystalline retinopathy

tamoxifin, thioridizine, cystinosis, canthaxantin, primary hyeroxaluria, Bietti's talc retinophaty

laser photocoagulation schsis vs. RD

will be visible in outer layer of schiss, but not on bare RPE of RD

ddx of intraocular cartilage

PHPV, medulloepithelioma, teratoma, trisomy 13

five stages of ROP

line, rdige, ridge with vessels, RD (foveal and nofoveal), total funnel RD

ddx of periphery retinopath and macular dragging

incontnetia pgimenti, ROP, FEVR, x linked retinoschis

associations with best

strabismus, hyperopia

nonleaking CME

Goldmanfavre, retinoschiss nicotinic acid, RP

onset in 1st decade with drusen leding to atrophy

north caroline macular dystrophy (AD) ERG, EOG, normal

decreased VA between 40-50

Sorsby's AD ERG and Eog subnormal late

central pigmentary distrubances, good central VA, normal ERG, abnormal EOG

pattern dystrophies

severely reduced vision, complete color blinness, nystagmus, normal retinal exam

congenital achromatopsia

decreased vision, photoaversion, nystgamus. ERG: absent cone response, normal rod

blud cone monochromatism (X linked recessive)

which type of RP is worse?

X linked

type of scotoma in RP

inferotemporal

ddx of tunnel vision

glacuoma, functional, gyrate atrophy, vitamin A toxicity, occipital lobe stroke

ddx of nyctalopia

myopia, vitamin A, zinc deficincy, choroidemia, gyrate atrophy, CSNB, goldman favre

ddx salt pepper fundus

rubuella, leber's amaurosis, albinism, RP, syphilis, cystinosis, phenothiazine toxicity, pattern dystrophy

treatable RP

Bassen kronzweigh (abetalipoproteinemia), refsums's, gyrate atrophy

associations with LCA

chromosme 1, KCN, hyperopia, cataract, macular colobomia, MR< deafness, seizures, renal and muscloskeletal abnormaliteis

inverse RP

posterior pole more than periphery affected

punctata albescene

small white spots in mid periphery, no bone spiculares

deafness and RP

Usher's Hallgreen's alstrom's biedle bardet

eye syndromes with hearing loss

cogan's sticklers's waardenburg-Klein, Duane's

increased serum copper, ceruloplasmin, atypical RP

Refsum's

RP due to differntiacy in fat soluble viamins

CBC, cholesterol, stool, bassenkornzweig

RP due to vitamin deficiency

chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis, bowel ressection

obesity, polydactyl, mental retardation, hypogonadism, short stature

biedl-Bardet syndrome

decreased vision 4th decade, rpe mottling

central arelolar choroidal dystrophy (AD)

decreased vision in 5th decade, yellow crystal in retina, corneal stroma

Bietti's ((AR)

normal vision, vf, color vision, may show paradoical pupillary dilation, scotopic photopic implicit times identical, decreased scotopic, photopic erg almost normal

congenital stationary night blindness

types of CSNB

fundus albipunctatus, oguchi's diasee, kandori's flecked retina, nourgaret and riggs type ( normal fundus)

femal carriers have salt and pepper fundus

chorooidemia, defect in choroidal vasculature (XLR)

scallaped areas of absent choriocapillus, seizures, increased ornithine

gyrate atrophy

corneal clouding and retinopathy

Huerl'er sna dScheie

Retinopathy only

Hunter's, Sanfilippo

Corneal changes only

Morquio, Maroteaux-Lamy

no corneal clouding or retinopathy

Sly

Sphingoliposdes with cherry red spot

Tay Sach's, Sandoff's, Neiman Pick, Guaucher

sphingolipodoes without cherry red spot

Fabry's, Krabbe's

composition of vitreous

99% water, type Ii colagen, volume 4ml

how many rods, how many cones?

120 million, 6 million

describe visual cycle

11 cis retinaldehyde turns into all tran

when do rods shed? Cones shed?

rods- during day, cones at night.

conditions which cause extinguished erg

rp, opthalmic artery occlusion, dusn, metallosi, rd, drug toxicity CAR

normal a wave, reduced b wave

CSNB, Oguchi's disease, x linked retinoschis, CVO, CRAO, myotonic dystrophy, quinine toxicity

abnormal photopic, normal scotopic

achromotopsia, cone dystrophy

abnormal erg, normal eog

csnb, x linked retinoschisis

fluoroscein absorptiona and emission

absorb 490 nm, emits 530.

uses of ICG

IPCV, occul CNV, NV with PED, recurrent CNV

AREDS formulation

vitamin C, E, betacarotein, zinc

Causes of CME

DEPRIVEN- Diabetes, epinpehrine, prostaglandins, RP, Irvine Gass, venous occlusion, pars palnitis, nicotinic acid maculopathy, othere XRT, parafoveal telangicectasia, goldmann FAVRE

causes of non leaking CME

Juvenile retinoschiss, goldman favre, RP, nicotinic acid maculopathy

type 1 mactel

unilateral, male?fmeale, coats spectrume, normal FA, OCT is not.

type 2 mactel

bilateral, acquired, symmetric

5 stages of sickle cell

periphery arterial occlusions, peripheral anastomoses, NV (sea fan, VH, vitreous traction with RD.

bilateral, young men, in middle east, india, peripheral nonperfusion

Eales disease

definition of ischemic vs. nonischemic BRVO

ischemic >>5 DD nonperfusion

threshold dose for radiation retinopathy

300 rads, starts 6 months to 3 years after.

decreased vision RAPD, neuroretintisi, hot disc

Leber's idiopathic stellate neuroretinitis

organisms for DUSN

ancylostoma caninum, baylisacris proncyonis

toxic retinopathies

chloroquine, thioridazine, chlorpormazine, quinine, tamoxofen (crystals), canthaxanthin (yellow deposits, methoxyfluorine, talc

atypical nonleaking CME due to intracellular edema of Muller's cell

nicotininc acid maculopathy

combined harmartoma of retina nad rpe association

nf2

hihg energy radioactiv plaques

cobalt 60, iridum 192

low energy plaques

iodine 125, palladium 106

small COMTs trial

apical height 1-3 mm, basal 5-16mm

medium comt trial

apical 2.5-10m, basal <16, enucleation same as radiation

large COMT trial

preenucleatioin radiation does not change survival rate.

ddx of amelanotic choroidal mass

amelanotic melanoma, choroidal osteoma, granuloma, porsterior scleritis

Okaps flashcards - Retina

(100 cards)