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Physio 201 lecture > old exam questions > Flashcards

old exam questions Flashcards

1
Q

the ____ provides information about muscle stretch

a. golgi tendon organ
b. falx cerebri
c. tentorium cerebelli
d. muscle spindle

A

d.muscle spindle

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2
Q

the steps that occur in the production of an auditory sensation do not include one of the following steps

a. movement of the tympanic membrane leads to displacement of the stapes
b. movement of the oval window establishes pressure waves in the fluid of the cochlea
c. the pressure wave distorts a region of the basilar membrane
d. vibration of the basilar membrane leads to movement of the auditory ossicles

A

d. vibration of the basilar membrane leads to movement of the auditory ossicles

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3
Q

a scientist measures membrane potential in a particular cell. she discovers a certain stimulus that changes the membrane potential from -70 mV to -50 mV. which of the following terms best describes this change of membrane potential?

a. depolarization
b. hyperpolarization
c. positive rectification
d. graded myelination

A

a. depolarization

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4
Q

interpretation of frequency of a sound is based upon___

a. the frequency of stereo cilia vibration
b. the number of cochlear hair cells that are stimulated
c. which particular hair cells along the length of the organ of corti are stimulated
d. the direction of movement of fluid in the cochlear duct

A

c. which particular hair cells along the length of the organ of corti are stimulated

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5
Q

which of the following will contain synapses between preganglionic sympathetic efferent neurons and postganglionic sympathetic efferent neurons?

a. superior mesenteric ganglion
b. lateral geniculate nucleus
c. otic ganglion
d. spinal cord gray matter

A

a.superior mesenteric ganglion

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6
Q

place in order the following general events associated with sensory transduction at an olfactory receptor cell

  1. intracellular signal molecule activates (opens) Na+ channels in olfactory receptor cell
  2. activation of G-protein receptor produces an intracellular signal molecule
  3. odorant molecule arrives at receptor cell, dissolved in overlying fluid
  4. depolarization of the olfactory receptor cell
  5. odorant molecule binds to a specific protein in olfactory receptor cell membrane
A

B.3,5,2,1,4

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7
Q

the process of accommodation makes it possible for humans to focus on distant objects as well as objects that are close. accommodation ensures images are focused properly onto the retina and one of the five statements below describes the mechanism. which statement is correct?

a. accommodation involves changing the curvature of the cornea
b. accommodation involves changing the shape of the lens
c. accommodation involves moving the retina toward or away from the lens
d. accommodation involves opening (dilating) the pupil

A

b. accommodation involves changing the shape of the lens

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8
Q

which of the following statements best explains the events that occur in a human rod photoreceptor cell when it is excited by one or more photons?

a. rhodpsin is activated, leading to a change of eGMP and ion channels in the outer segment close
b. melanin is activated leading to a change in cGMP and ion channels in the outer segment open
c. rhodopsin is activated leading to a change of cGMP and ion channels in the outer segment open
d. melanin is activated leading to a change of cGMP and ion channels in the outer segment close

A

a. rhodpsin is activated, leading to a change of eGMP and ion channels in the outer segment close

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9
Q

movement of the otolithic membrane in the utricle or saccule serves a valuable purpose. only one of the following statements is correct. which is the correct statement?

a. movement of the otolithic membrane in the utricle or saccule produces a force on the oval window that protects us from loud sounds
b. movement of the otolithic membrane in the utricle or saccule stimulates hair cells. alerting us to a change in head/body position with respect to gravity
c. movement of the otolithic membrane in the utricle or saccule allows us to discriminate between different frequencies of sound
d. movement of the otolithic membrane in the utricle or saccule stimulates hair cell alerting us to rotational movements of the head

A

b. movement of the otolithic membrane in the utricle or saccule stimulates hair cells. alerting us to a change in head/body position with respect to gravity

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10
Q

an electrical signal is generated by changing the membrane potential of a cell. this can be accomplished by changing the _____ for an ion

a. charge
b. voltage
c. valence
d. permeability

A

d. permeability

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11
Q

which of the following would cause an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?

a. opening of a postsynaptic ligand gated channel for Cl-
b. opening of a postsynaptic ligand gated channel for Na+
c. opening of a postsynaptic ligand gated channel for K+
d. all of the above

A

b. opening of a postsynaptic ligand gated channel for Na+

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12
Q

in the sympathetic nervous system the preganglionic neurons release the neurotransmitter

a. acetylcholine
b. norepinephrine
c. serotonin
d. epinephrine

A

a.acetylcholine

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13
Q

the following are effects of the sympathetic nervous system except:

a. increase blood flow to skeletal muscles
b. increased saliva secretion
c. increased blood pressure
d. increased sweat production

A

b.increased saliva secretion

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14
Q

Na/K-ATPase uses energy from ATP to transport sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane of neurons and other cells. this is essential to the function of neurons because:

a. sodium and potassium concentration gradients across the membrane are needed for both resting membrane potential and action potentials
b. cytoplasmic potassium ion concentration must remain low in order for IPSPs to occur
c. graded potentials can only propagate along the axon in the presence of ATP
d. cytoplasmic sodium levels decrease during the rising phase of each action potential

A

a. sodium and potassium concentration gradients across the membrane are needed for both resting membrane potential and action potentials

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15
Q

the following events occur during the generation of an action potential which is the proper sequence of these events

  1. the membrane potential returns to the resting state
  2. the membrane potential depolarizes to “threshold”
  3. voltage-sensitive sodium channels spontaneously inactivate
  4. voltage-sensitive sodium channels activate
A

2,4,3,1

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16
Q

the absolute refractory period:

a. occurs when voltage gated Na+ channels inactivate
b. occurs when K+ leak channels activate
c. allows action potentials to occur but the stimulus needs to be larger than normal
d. determines the size of the action potential

A

a. occurs when voltage gated Na+ channels inactivate

17
Q

consider how the central nervous system receives an increase in the strength of stimulus sensory afferent nerve. which of the following is correct?

a. the increased height of the action potentials represents a strong stimulus
b. the increased percentage of depolarizing vs. hyperpolarizing action potentials represents a strong stimulus
c. the increased frequency of the action potentials represents a strong stimulus
d. all of the above

A

c. the increased frequency of the action potentials represents a strong stimulus

18
Q

spatial summation occurs when:

a. two action potentials occur in the same axon and add together to create a larger action potential
b. two EPSP’s from different sources of synaptic input to a dendrite add together
c. two EPSP’s from the same synaptic input to a neuron occur closely together in time and summate in the postsynaptic dendrite
d. the action potentials in two nodes of ranvier add together

A

b.two EPSP’s from different sources of synaptic input to a dendrite add together

19
Q

during the process of synaptic transmission a neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft, binds to a ligand gated ion channel on the post synaptic cell and causes the post synaptic cell to depolarize. for this to take place which of the following events must occur shortly beforehand?

a. calcium ions enter the pre-synaptic cell via channels, causing synaptic vesicles to fuse with the cell membrane
b. an electrical signal is sent from the synaptic terminal toward the cell body of the pre synaptic cell
c. hyper polarization of the pre synaptic cell causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the cell membrane
d. calcium containing vesicles move from the synaptic cleft to fuse with the pre synaptic cell causing neurotransmitter release via channels

A

a. calcium ions enter the pre-synaptic cell via channels, causing synaptic vesicles to fuse with the cell membrane

Physio 201 lecture (15 decks)

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