Onco Final Flashcards by Tricia Spooner

What is the most common form of lymphoma in dogs?

multicentric - multiple enlarged LNs

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What are some prognostic indicators for dogs with lymphoma?

anatomic site, paraneoplastic syndromes, immunophenotype, stage, substage

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What are the median survival times with lymphoma dogs that are untreated?

4-6 weeks

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What is the median survival time for a lymphoma dog that is put on pred alone?

11 weeks

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What is the median survival time for a lymphoma dog treated with multidrugs?

2 years

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WHat is the median survival time for cats with GI high grade, large cell lymphoma?

1 year

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What is the median survival time for cats with GI low grade, small cell lymphoma?

800 days

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How is high grade GI lymphoma treated in a cat? low grade?

high grade - CHOP based

low grade - chlorambucil and pred

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What is the median survival time for cats with nasal LSA on local radiation?

2-3 years

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What type of tissue do soft tissue sarcomas arise from?

mesenchymal - fibrous, nervous, myxomatous, adipose, perivascular wall, skeletal and smooth muscle

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What kind of biopsy is indicated for soft tissue sarcomas?

incisional biopsy (excisional - bad) so you can plan surgery

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Which 4 “sarcomas” are not soft tissue sarcomas?

histocytic sarcoma
hemangiosarcoma
osteosarcoma
chondrosarcoma

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What is the most common cause of death from soft tissue sarcomas?

local disease

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What margins should be taken for surgical excision of soft tissue sarcomas?

wide - 3 cm

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What is metronomic chemotherapy?

small daily doses

piroxicam

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What is the best treatment for vaccine induced sarcoma in cats?

aggressive surgery (chemo doesnt work)

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When should you worry about a mass growing in a vaccine site on a cat?

increasing in size >1 month post vax
>2cm
present > 3 months
(1,2,3 rule)

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Where do osteosarcomas most commonly occur?

“away from elbow” -proximal humerus, distal radius

“near the knee” - distal femur, proximal tibia, distal tibia

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What is the typical radiographic lesions for osteosarcoma?

cortical lysis at metaphyseal site with osteoproliferation in “sunburst”

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What is the treatment for osteosarcoma?

surgery and systemic chemo (sx alone 3-5 months)

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What is different about feline osteosarcoma?

doesnt metastasize, surgery can cure

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What are the guidelines for how many splenic masses are HSA?

2/3 are malignant cancer, 2/3 of the malignant cancer is HSA

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What is the MST for hemangiosarcoma with surgery and chemo?

less than 5 months

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What are the big 3 neoplasias in ferrets?

adrenal glands - hyperplasia, adenoma
insulinoma
lymphoma

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What are CS of adrenal gland neoplasia in ferrets?

alopecia, skin thinning, vulvar swelling, pancytopenia

What is the difference between adrenal gland neoplasia in ferrets and cushings disease in dogs?

cushings - secondary adrenal dz (pituitary is primary dz)

What is the medical treatment for adrenal gland neoplasia in ferrets?

lupron, deslorelin implant

What are CS of insulinomas in ferrets?

star gazing, depressed, hind end weakness

Term for tail tip tumor on a ferret.

chordoma

What is the most common tumor of female rabbits?

uterine adenocarcinoma

What is the most common type of lymphoma in rabbits?

multicentric lymphoma - poor doer, anorexia

What are CS of thymoma in rabbits?

dyspnea, exopthalmos, muffled lung sounds

What is the most common tumor in rabbits?

fibroadenomas in mammary glands (males and females) (TQ)

What type of mammary tumors do mice get?

mammary adenocarcinoma - malignant

What is the most common type of cancer in hamsters?

lymphoma

What are the three types of lymphoma in hamsters?

geriatric - multicentric cutaneous - looks like fungus epizootic lymphoma - breeder hamsters

What is the most common type of cancer in gerbils?

granulosa cell tumors of ovaries

What is a benign skin tumor of male guinea pigs?

trichofolliculomas (TQ) - caudal pelvis

What type of cancer is the most common intranasally in small animals?

carcinomas

How are intranasal tumors treated in SA?

radiation

What paraneoplastic syndrome is associated with primary lung tumors in SA?

hypertrophic osteopathy - starts in distal limbs

What are the positive prognostic factors for primary lung tumors in dogs?

normal Lns asymptomatic well differentiated CT normal nodes

When is an OHE in dogs protective against mammary tumors?

before 3rd estrus

What are risk factors for dogs to develop mammary tumors

obesity

Can you differentiate with FNA if mammary tumors are malignant or benign?

What are prognostic factors for cats with mammary tumors?

size

What is a prognostic factor for dogs with mammary tumors?

degree of differentiation

What percent of dog mammary tumors are benign?

50%

What type of dog mammary tumor is uncommon, rapidly growing, and has a poor prognosis?

inflammatory carcinoma

What size of mammary gland tumors should be treated by mammectomy?

>1cm

What breed is predisposed to auricular tumors?

cocker spaniels

What surgical treatment is recommended for auricular tumors in dogs?

total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy

What percent of cutaneous tumors are malignant in dogs? cats?

dogs: 20-30% cats: 50-60%

What type of animals are histocytomas common?

young dogs

What do mast cell tumors typically look like?

raised, firm, alopecic mass

What is a darier's flare?

mast cell degranulation

What are indications to expand diagnostics prior to treatment of a mast cell tumor?

any negative prognostic indicators or not amenable to wide resection

What staging tests should be performed if there are no negative prognostic indicators for a mast cell tumor?

CBC, chem, local LN aspirate

WHat are the surgical margins for a grade 1 or 2 mast cell tumor?

1 cm lateral and 1 fascial plane deep

What systemic chemotherapy has the best response rate for mast cell tumors?

lomustine and vinblastine

What 2 drugs can inhibit c-kit signaling in canine mast cell tumors?

masitinib | toceranib phosphate

What calcium phosphorus product number is a cause for concern?

greater than 70

WHat is the most common neoplasm to cause hypercalcemia of malignancy in dogs?

lymphoma T cell

What is the mnemonic for differential diagnosis for hypercalcemia?

GOSH DARN IT granulomatous, osteolytic, spurious, hyperparathyroidism, vit D tox, addisons, renal failure, neoplasia, idiopathic, temperature

What is the treatment for hypercalcemia?

furosemide for diuresis, corticosteroids, treat underlying cause

With what neoplasm is acute tumor lysis syndrome commonly seen in?

canine lymphoma, large tumor burdon

What chemistry abnormalities are seen during acute tumor lysis syndrome?

hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia

What is the treatment for acute tumor lysis syndrome?

aggressive saline diuresis

Onco Final Flashcards

(68 cards)