oncogenic microbes and carcinogens Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
oncogenic microbes - types
A
- EBV 2. HBV 3. HCV 4. HHV-8
- HPV 6. H. pylori 7. HTLV-1
- Liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis)
- Schistosoma hamatobium
2
Q
neoplasm - H. pylori causes
A
- Gastric adenocarcinomas
2. MALT lymphomas
3
Q
neoplasm - HCV causes
neoplasm - HBV causes
A
hepatocellular carcinoma + LYMPHOMA
4
Q
neoplasm - HHV-8 causes
A
kaposi sarcoma
5
Q
neoplasm - Liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis)
A
cholangiocarcinoma
6
Q
neoplasm - Schistosoma hamatobium causes
A
Bladder cancer (SCC)
7
Q
neoplasm - HTLV-1 causes
A
adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
8
Q
neoplasm - HPV causes
A
- cervical and penil/anal carcinoma (types 16 and 18)
2. head and neck cancer
9
Q
neoplasm - EBV causes
A
- Burkitt lymphoma
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- primary CNS lymphoma (in immunocompromised patients)
10
Q
aflatoxin source
A
Aspergillus
11
Q
carcinogens - aflatoxins (Aspergillus) causes
A
hepatocellular carcinoma
12
Q
carcinogens - Alkylating agens causes
A
leukemia/lymphoma
13
Q
carcinogens - aromatic amines causes (and examples)
A
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
benzidine, 2- naphthylamine
14
Q
aromatic amines - examples
A
- benzidine
- 2- naphthylamine
15
Q
carcinogens - arsenic causes
A
- angiosarcoma of the liver
- lung cancer
- SCC of the skin
16
Q
carcinogens - asbestos causes
A
Bronchogenic ca> mesothelioma
17
Q
carcinogens - vinyl chloride
A
liver angiosarcoma
18
Q
carcinogens - Radon causes
A
lung cancer
19
Q
carcinogens - carbon tetrachloride causes
A
LIVER - centilobular necrosis, fatty changes
20
Q
carcinogens - Nitrosamines - examples
A
smoked foods
21
Q
carcinogens - Nitrosamines causes
A
gastric cancer
22
Q
carcinogens - ionizing radiation
A
papillary thyroid carcinoma
23
Q
carcinogens - ethanols
A
- SCC of esophagus
2. hepatocellular carcinoma
24
Q
carcinogens - cigarrete smoke causes
A
- transitional cell ca of bladder
- cervical ca
- SCC of esophagus
- adenoca of esophagus
- Renal cell ca
- SCC of the larync
- SCC of the lung
- small cell ca of the lung
- pancreatic adenoca
25
cholangiocarcinoma - microbe
chlonorchis sinensis
26
head and neck cancer - microbe
HPV
27
nasopharyngeal carcinoma - microbe
EBV
28
carcinogens that cause angiosarcoma of the liver
1. arsenic
| 2. vinyl chloride
29
carcinogens that cause hepatocellular carcimoma
1. aflatoxin (Aspergillus)
| 2. ethanol
30
carcinogens that cause tramsitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
1. Cigarette smoke
| 2. Aromatic amines
31
carcinogens that cause esophagus cancer
1. ethanol (SCC)
| 2. cigarrete smoke (SCC,adenoca)
32
MCC of lung cancer
| 2nd MC
1. smoking cigarrete
| 2. radon
33
carcinogens that cause lung cancer
1. smoking cigarrete
2. radon
3. asbestos
4. arsenic
34
carcinogens that cause stomach cancer
nitrosamines (smoked foods)
35
carcinogens that cause blood cancer
alkylating agents
36
neoplasms that produce PTHrp
1. SCC of the lung
2. renal cell carcinoma
3. breast cancer
4. bladder
5. ovarian
6. head and neck
37
neoplasms that produce erythropoietin
```
1. Renal cell carcinoma
2, hemangioblastoma
3. hepatocellular carcinoma
4. leiomyoma
5. pheochromocytoma
```
38
neoplasm associated with Lambert-Eaton syndrome
small cell carcinoma of the lung
39
neoplasms that produce ADH (SIADH)
1. small cell carcinoma of the lung
| 2. intracranial neoplasms
40
neoplasms that produce ACTH (cushing syndrome)
1. small cell carcinoma of the lung
| 2. renal cell carcinoma
41
neoplasms that produce 1,25-(OH)2D3 (calcitriol)
lymphoma
42
pheochromocytoma - paraneoplastic syndrome?
erythropoietin (polycythemia)
43
small cell carcinoma of the lung - paraneoplastic syndrome?
1. ACTH
2. SIADH
3. Lambert-Eaton syndrome
44
renal cell carcinoma - paraneoplastic syndrome?
1. ACTH
2. Erythropoietin
3. PTHrP
4. renin
45
leiomyoma - paraneoplastic syndrome?
erythropoietin
46
Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma - paraneoplastic syndrome?
1,25-(OH)2D3 (calcitriol)
47
1. tumor markers should not be used as
| 2. tumor markers may be used to
1. the first tool for cancer diagnosis or screening
| 2. monitor tumor recurrence and response to therapy
48
definitive diagnosis of tumor is usually made by
biopsy
49
tumor markers - chromogranin?
neuroendocrine tumors/carcinoid
50
PSA is elavated in
1. prostate cancer
2. BPH
3. prostatitis
51
tumor markers - CA125
ovarian cancer
52
tumor markers - CA19-9
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
53
tumor markers - calcitonin
medullary thyroid cancer
54
tumor markers - CA 15-3
breast cancer
55
tumor markers - CA 27-29
breast cancer
56
tumor markers - CEA - characteristic
very non specific
57
tumor markers - CEA
1. colorectal ca (70%)
2. pancreatic ca (70%)
3. gastric ca
4. breast ca
5. medullary thyroid ca
58
tumor markers - β-hCG
```
1. hydatidiform moles
2 .Chroriocarcinomas
3. testicular ca
4. mixed germ line tumor
5. Dysgerminoma
6. Large cell Ca of lung
```
59
tumor markers - alkaline phosphatase
1. metastasis to bone
2. metastasis to liver
3. seminoma (placental alkaline phosphatase)
4. Paget disease of the bone
60
tumor markers - a-fetoprotein
1. hepatocellular ca
2. hepatoblastoma
3. yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor
4. mixed germ cell tumor
61
a-fetoprotein - is normally made by
fetus --> transiently elevated in pregnancy
62
a-fetoprotein in pregnancy
high levels --> neural tube and abdominal wall defects
| low levels --> Down syndrome/Patatu (13)/Edwards (18)
63
high levels of a fetoprotein in pregnancy
neural tube and abdominal wall defects
64
breast cancer tumor markers
1. CEA
2. CA 27-29
3. CA 15-3
65
Psammoma bodies appearance
laminated, concentric spherules with dystrophic calcification
66
Psammoma bodies are seen in
1. papillary carcinoma of thyroid
2. serous papillary cistadenocarcinoma of ovary
3. meningioma
4. malignant mesothelioma
67
pancreas cancer - tumor marker
1. CA 19-9
| 2. CEA
68
Neuroenocrine tumors/carcinoid
chromogranin
69
breast cancer tumor markers
1. CEA
2. CA 27-29
3. CA 15-3
70
pancreatic cancer - tumor markers
1. CEA
| 2. CA 19-9
71
medullary thyroid carcinoma - tumor markers
1. CEA
| 2. calcitonin
72
tumor markers - alkaline phosphatase - tumor?
1. metastasis to bone
2. metastasis to liver
3. seminoma (placental alkaline phosphatase)
73
mixed germ cell tumor - tumor markers
1. a-fetoprotein
| 2. β-hCG
74
carcinomas that spread hematogeneously
1. hepatocellular
2. renal cell
3. follicular thyroid
4. choriocarcinoma
75
Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes
1. Acanthosis nigricans
| 2. Leser trelat
76
acanthosis nigricans - indicates
1. visceral malignancy
| 2. insulin resistance
77
Leser-Trelat sign?
sudden appearance of multiple seborrheic keratosis indicating an underling malignancy
78
pure anemia as a paranaeoplastic syndrome - MCC
thymoma
79
Good syndrome? - as a paranaeoplastic syndrome - MCC
- hypogammaglobulinemia
| - Thymoma
80
Trousseau syndrome? as a paranaeoplastic syndrome - MCC?
- Migratory superficial thrombophlibitis
| - Adenocarcinomas, esp pancreatic
81
Nonbacterial thrombotic (marantic endocarditis)? as a paranaeoplastic syndrome - MCC?
- deposition of sterile platelet thrombi on heart valves
| - Adenocarcinomas, esp pancreatic
82
Myasthenia gravis as a paranaeoplastic syndrome - MCC?
Thymoma
83
Lambert-Eaton as a paranaeoplastic syndrome - MCC?
small cell lung ca
84
Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis? as a paranaeoplastic syndrome - MCC?
- Antibodies against Hu antigens in neurons
| - small cell lung ca
85
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration? as a paranaeoplastic syndrome - MCC?
- Antibodies against Hu, Yo and Tr antigens in Purkinje cells
- small cell lung ca, gynecologic and breast ca, Hodgkin
86
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis? as a paranaeoplastic syndrome - MCC?
Psychiatric disturbances, ,e,ory deficits, seizures, dyskenisias, autonomic instability, language dysfunction
ovarian teratoma
87
Opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome as a paranaeoplastic syndrome - MCC?
Neuroblastoma (children)
| small cell lung ca (adults)
88
ovarian Ca - paraneoplastic
1. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (ovarian teratoma)
| 2. PTHrp
