Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

USMLE > One Word_Embryology > Flashcards

One Word_Embryology Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Wnt-7 gene

A

Produced at apical ectodermal ridge (thickened ectoderm at distal end of each developinf limb). Necessary for proper organization along dorsal-ventral axis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Treacher Collins syndrome

A

1st-arch neural crest fails to migrate → mandibular hypoplasia, facial abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Teratogens: X-rays, anticonvulsants

A

Multiple anomalies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Teratogens: Warfarin

A

Bone deformaties, fetal hemorrhage, abortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Teratogens: Vitamin A (excess)

A

Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Teratogens: Valproate

A

Inhibition of intestinal folate absorption → Neural tube defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Teratogens: Thalidomide

A

Limb defects (“flipper” limbs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Teratogens: Tetracyclines

A

Discolored teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Teratogens: Smoking (nicotine, CO)

A

Preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Teratogens: Maternal diabetes

A

Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Teratogens: Lithium

A

Ebstein’s anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Teratogens: Iodide (lack or excess)

A

Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Teratogens: Folate antagonists

A

Neurol tube defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Teratogens: Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

A

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Teratogens: Cocaine

A

Abnormal fetal development and fetal addiction; placental abruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Teratogens: Aminoglycosides

A

CN VIII toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Teratogens: Alkylating agents

A

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Teratogens: Alcohol

A

Leading cause of birth defects and mental retardation; fetal alcohol syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Teratogens: ACE inhibitors

A

Renal damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sonic hedgehog gene

A

Produced at base of limbs in zone of polarizing activity. Involved in patterning along anterior-posterior axis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Homeobox gene

Study These Flashcards
A

Involved in segmental organization or embryo in a craniocaudal direction

22
Q

FGF gene

Study These Flashcards
A

Produced at apical ectodermal ridge. Stimulates mitosis of underlying mesoderm, providing for lengthening of limbs.

23
Q

Embryology: What is associated with Epispadias?

Study These Flashcards
A

Exstrophy of the bladder

24
Q

Embryology: Vitelline duct

Study These Flashcards
A

7th week, obliteration of vitelline duct (omphalomesenteric duct), which connects yolk sac to midgut lumen.

25
Embryology: Uteropelvic junction with kidneys
last to canalize → most common site of obstruction (hydronephrosis) in fetus
26
Embryology: Urachal duct
3rd week, yolk sac forms allantois, later becomes urachus, a duct between bladder and yolk sac.
27
Embryology: Truncus arteriosus pathology
Failure neural crest migration: ①Transposition of great vessels (failure to spiral); ②Tetralogy of Fallot (skewed AP septum development); ③Persistent TA (partial AP septum development)
28
Embryology: Truncus arteriosus
Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
29
Embryology: Syncotiotrophoblast
outer layer of chorionic villi; secretes hCG (structurally similar to LH; stimulates corpus luteum to secrete progesterone during first trimester)
30
Embryology: Patent foramen ovale
Abnormal interatrial septum development caused by excessive resorption of septum primum and/or secundum
31
Embryology: Omphalocele
persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, covered by peritoneum
32
Embryology: Jejunal, ileal, colonic atresia
Due to vascular accident (apple peel atresia)
33
Embryology: Hypospadias
abnormal opening of the penile urethra on inferior (ventral) side of penis due to failure of urethral folds to close
34
Embryology: Holoprosencephaly
↓seperation of hemispheres across midline; results in cyclopia; associated with Patau's syndrome, severe fetal alcohol syndrome, and cleft lip/palate.
35
Embryology: Gastroschisis
extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds; not covered by peritoneum
36
Embryology: Epispadias
abnormal opening of penile urethra on superior (dorsal) side of penis due to faulty positioning of genital tubercle
37
Embryology: Duodenal atresia
Failure to recanalize (trisomy 21)
38
Embryology: Decidua basalis
Maternal component, derived from the endometrium. Maternal blood in lacunae.
39
Embryology: Dandy-Walker syndrome
large posterior fossa; absent cerebellar vermis with cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle. Can lead to hydrocephalus and spina bifida.
40
Embryology: Cytotrophoblast
inner layer of chorionic villi. Cyto makes cells.
41
Embryology: Cricothyroid
Only larynx muscle innervated by the superior laryngeal branch
42
Embryology: Bulbus cordis
Right ventricle and smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricle
43
Embryology: Arnold chiari II
cerebellar tonsillar herniation through foramen magnum with aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephaly. Often presents with syringomyelia, thoraco-lumbar myelomeningocele.
44
Embryology: Anencephaly
Malformation of anterior end of neural tube; no brain/calvarium, elevated AFP, polyhydramnios (no swallowing center in brain).
45
Descent of testes and ovaries: Processus vaginalis (evagination of peritoneum)
Female remnant: Obliterated Male remnant: Forms tunica vaginalis
46
Descent of testes and ovaries: Gubernaculum (band of fibrous tissue)
Female remnant: Ovarian ligament + round ligament of uterus Male remnant: Anchors testes within scrotum
47
Congenital pharyngocutaneous fistula
persistence of cleft and pouch → fistula between tonsillar area, cleft in lateral neck
48
Branchial cleft derivatives
1st cleft - external auditory meatus 2nd - 4th clefts - form temporary cervical sinuses, which are obliterated by proliferation of 2nd arch mesenchyme Persistent cervical sinus → branchial cleft cyst within lateral neck
49
Basal plate
Ventral, motor
50
Aortic arch derivatives
1st-part of Maxillary artery (branch of external carotid) 2nd-Stapedial artery and hyoid artery 3rd-common Carotid artery and proximal part of internal carotid artery 4th-on left, aortic arch; on right, proximal part of right subclavian artery 6th-proximal part of pulmonary arteries and (on left only) ductus arteriosus
51
Alar plate
Dorsal, sensory

USMLE (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions