One Word_Pharmacology Flashcards
(185 cards)
1
Q
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
A
Alzheimer’s drug - Donepezil
2
Q
Alzheimer’s drug - Memantine
A
NMDA receptor antagonist
3
Q
Antibiotic to avoid in pregnancy - Aminoglycosides
A
Ototoxicity
4
Q
Antibiotic to avoid in pregnancy - Chloramphenicol
A
“gray baby”
5
Q
Antibiotic to avoid in pregnancy - Fluoroquinolones
A
Cartilage damage
6
Q
Antibiotic to avoid in pregnancy - Griseofulvin (antifungal)
A
Teratogenic
7
Q
Antibiotic to avoid in pregnancy - Metronidazole
A
Mutagenesis
8
Q
Antibiotic to avoid in pregnancy - Ribavirin (antiviral)
A
Teratogenic
9
Q
Antibiotic to avoid in pregnancy - Sulfonamides
A
Kernicterus
10
Q
Antibiotic to avoid in pregnancy - Tetracyclines
A
Discolored teeth, inhibition of bone growth
11
Q
Drug class - Acarbose
A
α-glucosidase inhibitors
12
Q
Drug class - Amiloride
A
K+ sparing diuretics
13
Q
Drug class - Amiodarone
A
Class III antiarrhythmics
14
Q
Drug class - Bretylium
A
Class III antiarrhythmics
15
Q
Drug class - Chlorpropamide
A
First generation sulfonylureas
16
Q
Drug class - Cholestyramine
A
Bile acid resins
17
Q
Drug class - Colesevelam
A
Bile acid resins
18
Q
Drug class - Colestipol
A
Bile acid resins
19
Q
Drug class - Diltiazem
A
Class IV antiarrhythmics
20
Q
Drug class - Disopyramide
A
Class IA antiarrhythmics
21
Q
Drug class - Dofetilide
A
Class III antiarrhythmics
22
Q
Drug class - Eplerenone
A
K+ sparing diuretics
23
Q
Drug class - Exenatide
A
GLP-1 analog (for diabetes)
24
Q
Drug class - Ezetimibe
A
Cholesterol absorption blockers
25
Drug class - Flecainide
Class IC antiarrhythmics
26
Drug class - Glimepiride
Second generation sulfonylureas
27
Drug class - Glipizide
Second generation sulfonylureas
28
Drug class - Glyburide
Second generation sulfonylureas
29
Drug class - Ibutilide
Class III antiarrhythmics
30
Drug class - Ketorolac
NSAIDs
31
Drug class - Lidocaine
Class IB antiarrhythmics
32
Drug class - Meperidine
Opioids
33
Drug class - Metformin
Biguanides (for diabetes)
34
Drug class - Mexiletine
Class IB antiarrhythmics
35
Drug class - Miglitol
α-glucosidase inhibitors
36
Drug class - Naproxen
NSAIDs
37
Drug class - Pioglitazone
Glitazones/thiazolidinediones (for diabetes)
38
Drug class - Pirenzepine
GI muscarinic antagonists
39
Drug class - Pramlintide
Mimetics (for diabetes)
40
Drug class - Procainamide
Class IA antiarrhythmics
41
Drug class - Propantheline
GI muscarinic antagonists
42
Drug class - Quinidine
Class IA antiarrhythmics
43
Drug class - Rosiglitazone
Glitazones/thiazolidinediones (for diabetes)
44
Drug class - Sotalol
Class III antiarrhythmics
45
Drug class - Spironolactone
K+ sparing diuretics
46
Drug class - Tocainide
Class IB antiarrhythmics
47
Drug class - Tolbutamide
First generation sulfonylureas
48
Drug class - Triamterene
K+ sparing diuretics
49
Drug class - Verapamil
Class IV antiarrhythmics
50
Drug use - Challenge test for diagnosis of asthma
Methacholine
51
Drug use - Motion sickness
Scopolamine
52
Drug use - Nasal decongestion
Ephedrine
53
Drug use - Reduce premature uterine contractions
Ritodrine
54
Drug use - Reduce urgency in mild cystitis and reduce bladder spasms
Oxybutynin, glycopyrrolate
55
Drug use - Urinary incontinence
Ephedrine
56
Mechanism - Biphosphonates (-dronate)
Inhibit osteoclastic activity; reduce both formation and resorption of hydroxyapatite
57
Mechanism - Butorphanol
Partial agonist at opioid mu receptors, agonist at kappa receptors
58
Mechanism - Clopidogrel
Inhibit platelet aggregation by irreversibly blocking ADP receptors, preventing glycoprotein IIb/IIIa from binding fibrinogen
59
Mechanism - Methimazole
Inhibit organification of iodide and coupling the thyroid hormone synthesis
60
Mechanism - Minoxidil
K+ channel opener - hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle, used to treat severe hypertension
61
Mechanism - Sucralfate
Bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection, and allow HCO3- secretion to reestablish pH gradient in the mucous layer
62
Mechanism - Ticlopidine
Inhibit platelet aggregation by irreversibly blocking ADP receptors, preventing glycoprotein IIb/IIIa from binding fibrinogen. May cause neutropenia.
63
Prophylaxis - Endocarditis with surgical or dental procedures
Penicillins
64
Prophylaxis - Gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
65
Prophylaxis - History of recurrent UTIs
TMP-SMX
66
Prophylaxis - Meningococcal infection
Rifampin (drug of choice), minocycline
67
Prophylaxis - Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
Azithromycin
68
Prophylaxis - Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
TMP-SMX (drug of choice), aerosolized pentamidine
69
Prophylaxis - Syphilis
Benzathine penicillin G
70
Specific antidotes - Acetaminophen
N-acetycysteine
71
Specific antidotes - Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, organophosphates
Atropine, pralidoxime
72
Specific antidotes - Amphetamines
NH4Cl (acidify urine)
73
Specific antidotes - Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents
Physostigmine salicylate
74
Specific antidotes - Benzodiazepines
Flumazenil
75
Specific antidotes - Carbon monoxide
100% O2, hyperbaric O2
76
Specific antidotes - Copper, arsenic, gold
Penicillamine
77
Specific antidotes - Cyanide
Nitrite, hydroxocobalamin, thiosulfate
78
Specific antidotes - Digitalis
Stop dig, normalize K+, lidocaine, anti-dig Fab fragments, Mg2+
79
Specific antidotes - Heparin
Protamine (sulfate)
80
Specific antidotes - Iron
Deferoxamine
81
Specific antidotes - Lead
CaEDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine
82
Specific antidotes - Mercury, arsenic, gold
Dimercaprol (BAL), succimer
83
Specific antidotes - Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
Ethanol, dialysis, fomepizole
84
Specific antidotes - Methemoglobin
Methylene blue, vitamin C
85
Specific antidotes - Opioids
Naloxone/naltrexone
86
Specific antidotes - Salicylates
NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis
87
Specific antidotes - TCAs
NaHCO3 (plasma alkalinization)
88
Specific antidotes - Theophylline
β-blocker
89
Specific antidotes - tPA, streptokinase
Aminocarproic acid
90
Specific antidotes - Warfarin
Vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma
91
Specific antidotes - β-blockers
Glucagon
92
Target - Abciximab
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
93
Target - Adalimumab
TNF-α
94
Target - Daclizumab
IL-2 receptor
95
Target - Digoxin Immune Fab
Digoxin
96
Target - Infliximab
TNF-α
97
Target - Muromonab-CD3 (OKT3)
CD3
98
Target - Rituximab
CD20
99
Target - Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
erb-B2
100
Treatment - Acromegaly
Pituitary adenoma resection followed by octreotide administration
101
Treatment - Actinomyces
Penicillin
102
Treatment - acute ventricular arrhythmias (especially post-MI)
Class IB antiarrhythmics
103
Treatment - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Riluzole - treatment modestly lengthens survival by decreasing presynaptic glutamate release
104
Treatment - Aplastic anemia
Withdrawal of offending agent, immunosuppressive regimens (antithymocyte globulin, cyclosporine), allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, RBC and platelet transfusion, G-CSF or GM-CSF
105
Treatment - Babesia
Quinine, clindamycin
106
Treatment - Benign prostatic hyperplasia
α1-antagonists (terazosin, tamsulosin); finasteride
107
Treatment - C. difficile (pseudomembranous colitis)
Metronidazole
108
Treatment - Candida albicans
Nystatin for superficial infection; amphotericin B for serious systemic infection
109
Treatment - Carcinoid syndrome
Octreotide
110
Treatment - Chlamydiae
Azithromycin or doxycycline
111
Treatment - Cluster headache
Sumatriptan, hyperbaric oxygen
112
Treatment - Crohn's disease
Corticosteroids, infliximab
113
Treatment - Cryptosoridium
Prevention (by filtering city water supplies); no treatment
114
Treatment - Cystic fibrosis
N-acetylcysteine to loosen mucous plugs (cleaves disulfide bonds within mucous glycoproteins)
115
Treatment - Dermatomyositis
Steroids
116
Treatment - Dextromethrophan
Opioids
117
Treatment - Diabetes insipidus
Adequate fluid intake. For central DI - intranasal desmopressin (ADH analog). For nephrogenic DI - hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, or amiloride
118
Treatment - Diabetic ketoacidosis
Fluids, insulin, and K+ (to replete intracellular stores); glucose if necessary to prevent hypoglycemia
119
Treatment - Diarrhea (Opioid)
Loperamide and diphenoxylate
120
Treatment - Digitalis-induced arrhythmias
Class IB antiarrhythmics
121
Treatment - ectopic supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia
Class IA antiarrhythmics
122
Treatment - Entamoeba histolytica
Metronidazole and iodoquinol
123
Treatment - Essential/postural tremor
β-blockers
124
Treatment - Gardia lamblia
Metronidazole
125
Treatment - Gardnerella vaginalis
Metronidazole
126
Treatment - Gout
Acute - 1. Colchicine 2. NSAIDs (e.g., indomethacin) Chronic - Allopurinol, uricosurics (e.g., probenecid)
127
Treatment - Guillain-Barré syndrome
Respiratory support is critical until recovery. Additional treatment: plasmapheresis, IV immune globulins.
128
Treatment - Haemophilus influenzae
Treat meningitis with ceftriaxone. Rifampin prophylaxis in close contacts.
129
Treatment - Helicobacter pylori
Treat with triple therapy (1) metronidazole, bismuth (Pepto-Bismol), and either tetracycline or amoxicillin (2) (more costly) metronidazole, omeprazole, and clarithromycin (3) PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin/metronidazole
130
Treatment - Hereditary spherocytosis
Splenectomy
131
Treatment - Hydatidiform mole
Dilatation and curettage and methotrexate
132
Treatment - Hyperammonemia
①limit protein in diet ②Benzoate or phenylbutyrate (both of which bind amino acid and lead to excretion) may be given to ↓ ammonia levels ③Lactulose.
133
Treatment - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
β-blocker or non-dihydrooyridine calcium channel blocker (e.g., verapamil)
134
Treatment - In prevention of nodal arrhythmias
Class IV antiarrhythmics
135
Treatment - Ischemic stroke
tPA within 3 hours
136
Treatment - Lactase deficiency
avoid dairy products or add lactase pills to diet
137
Treatment - Lead poisoning
Dimercaprol and EDTA 1st line of treatment. Succimer for kids.
138
Treatment - Legionella pneumophila
Erythromycin
139
Treatment - Leishmania donovani
Sodium stibogluconate, meglumine antimonate, pentamidine, amphotericin B
140
Treatment - Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
Doxycycline, ceftriaxone
141
Treatment - M. avium-intracellulare
Prophylaxis - Azithromycin Treatment - Azithromycin, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin
142
Treatment - Migraine headache
Propranolol; NSAIDs; sumatriptan for acute migraines
143
Treatment - MRSA
Vancomycin
144
Treatment - Multiple sclerosis
β-interferon or immunosuppressant therapy. Symptomatic treatment for neurogenic bladder, spasticity, pain.
145
Treatment - Mycobacterium leprae
Long-term oral dapsone; toxicity is hemolysis and methemoglobinemia. Alternate treatments include rifampin and combination of clofazimine and dapsone.
146
Treatment - Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Prophylaxis - Isoniazid Treatment - Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol (RIPE for treatment)
147
Treatment - Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Tetracycline or erythromycin
148
Treatment - Naegleria fowleri
Amphotericin has been effective for a few survivors
149
Treatment - Neisseria Meningococci (Prophylaxis)
Rifampin
150
Treatment - Nocardia
Sulfa
151
Treatment - Osteoporosis
Estrogen (SERMs) and/or calcitonin; biphophonates or pulsatile PTH for severe cases. Glucocorticoids are contraindicated.
152
Treatment - Pain, cough suppression (Opioid)
Dextromethorphan
153
Treatment - Phenylketonuria
↓ phenylalanie (contained in aspartame, e.g., NutraSweet) and ↑ tyrosine in diet
154
Treatment - Plasmodium
Begin with chloroquine; if resistant, use mefloquine Add primaquine for dormant forms in liver (hypnozoite)
155
Treatment - Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii)
TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone. Start prophylaxis when CD4 drops < 200 cells/mL in HIV patients.
156
Treatment - Polyarteritis nodosa
Corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide
157
Treatment - Polycyctic ovarian syndrome
Weight loss, OCPs, gonadotropin analogs, clomiphene, spironolactone (to treat hirsutism), or surgery
158
Treatment - Polymyalgia rheumatica
Steroids
159
Treatment - Polymyositis
Steroids
160
Treatment - Pregnancy-induced hypertension (preeclampsia-eclampsia)
IV magnesium sulfate and diazepam
161
Treatment - Prolactinomas
Bromocriptine or cabergoline (dopamine agonists)
162
Treatment - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Aminoglycoside plus extended-spectrum penicillin (e.g., piperacillin, ticarcillin)
163
Treatment - Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
↑ intake of ketogenic nutrients (e.g., high fat content or ↑ lysine and leucine)
164
Treatment - Reentrant
Class IA antiarrhythmics
165
Treatment - Rickettsiae
Doxycycline
166
Treatment - SIADH
Demeclocycline or H2O restriction
167
Treatment - Sickle cell anemia
Hydroxyurea (↑ HbF) and bone marrow transplantation
168
Treatment - Sideroblastic anemia
Pyridoxine B6
169
Treatment - Slow ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
Class II antiarrhythmics
170
Treatment - Sporothrix schenckii
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
171
Treatment - Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
Penicillin G
172
Treatment - Systemic mycoses (Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, Coccidioidomycosis, Paracoccidiomycosis)
Fluconazole or ketonazole for local infection; amphotericin B for systemic infection
173
Treatment - Tinea pedis (foot), Tinea cruris (groin), Tinea corporis (ringworm on body), Tinea capitis (head, scalp) - Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton
Topical azoles
174
Treatment - Tinea versicolor (Malassezia furfur)
Topical miconazole, selenium sulfide (Selsun)
175
Treatment - Torsades de pointes
Mg2+
176
Treatment - Toxoplasma gondii
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
177
Treatment - Trichomonas vaginalis
Metronidazole
178
Treatment - Trypanosoma brucei (T. gambiense, T. rhodesiense)
Suramin for blood-borne disease or melarsoprol for CNS penetration
179
Treatment - Trypanosoma cruzi
Nifurtimox
180
Treatment - Ulcerative colitis
ASA preparations (sulfasalazine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy
181
Treatment - Vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Calcium channel blockers
182
Treatment - VRE
Linezolid and streptogramins (quinupristin/dalfopristin)
183
Treatment - Wegener's granulomatosis
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
184
Weak acids (3)
Phenobarbital, methotrexate, aspirin. Treat overdose with bicarbonate.
185
Weak bases (1)
Amphetamines. Treat overdose with ammonium chloride, vitamin C, cranberry juice.
