Operating System Flashcards by Dulnuan, Angel Jelaine P.

The operating system and utility programs that control a computer system and allow you to use your computer

System Software

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Enables the boot process, launches applications, transfers files, controls hardware configuration, manages files on the hard drive, and protects from unauthorized use.

System Software

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Programs that allow a user to perform specific tasks on a computer

Application Software

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Word processing, playing games, browsing the web, listening to music, etc.

Application Software

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A collection of programs that manage and coordinate the activities taking place within a computer

Operating system

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Acts as an intermediary between the user and the computer and between the application programs and system hardware

Operating system

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Functions of an operating system

Interfacing with users
Booting the computer
Configuring devices
Managing network connections
Managing and monitoring resources and jobs
File management
Security

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The ability of an operating system to have more than one program (task) open at one time.

Multitasking

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The ability to rotate between multiple threads so that processing is completed faster and more efficiently

Multithreading

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Multiple processors or multiple cores are used in one computer system to perform work more efficiently. Tasks are performed SEQUENTIALLY

Multiprocessing and parallel processing

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Optimizing the use of main memory (RAM)
Virtual memory

Memory management

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Area in RAM or on the hard drive designated to hold data that is used by different hardware devices or programs

Buffer

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Placing items in a buffer so they can be retrieved by the appropriate device when needed

Buffering or Spooling

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Require users to input commands using the kryboard

Command line interface

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Graphics based interface Used most by operating systems

Graphical user interface (GUI)

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Categories of operating systems

Personal (desktop) operating system
Server (network) operating systems
Mobile and embedded operating systems

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Designed to be installed on a single computer

Personal (desktop) operating systems

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Designed to be installed on a network server
Client computers still use a personal operating system
Controls access to network resources

Server (network) operating systems

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Types of processors supported

Desktop, mobile, server processors
32-bit or 64-bit CPUs

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Support for virtualization and other technologies

New type of buses
Virtualization
Mobility
Security concerns
Power consumption concerns
Touch and gesture input
The move to cloud

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Traditionally used a command-line interface
Dominant operating system in the 1980s and 1990s
PC & MS
Can enter commands in Windows

DOS(Disk Operating System)

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The predominant personal operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation

Windows

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Command that changes to a new location on the current drive

Change Directory (CD) Command

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Command that changes to a new drive

Drive Command

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Command that **copies files** from one location to another

Copy command

Command that **displays** the files and folders in the **current location**

Directory (DIR) Command

**Instructs the operating system** to start an application program and to open a document and print it

User

Hands the document over to the operating system for printing

Application program

Sends the document to the printer

Operating system

Prints the document

Printer

Shows the **folders** you must **travel through** to get to a particular file (i.e. C:\My Documents\Letters\Mary)

Path

Type of processing where tasks are performed **one right after the other**

Sequential processing (multitasking and multithreading)

Type of processing where multiple tasks are **performed at the exact same time**

Simultaneous processing (multiprocessing and parallel processing)

How does virtual memory work step by step?

1. Pages are copied **from RAM to virtual memory** 2. Pages are copied **back to RAM for processing** 3. Pages are copied **to virtual memory and deleted from RAM** 4. The **cycle continues** until the program finishes executing

This software enables your computer to **communicate** with the **server operating system**, which is located on the **network server.**

Client shell

When was Windows 1.0 released?

1985

What were the operating environments for DOS?

Windows 1.0 through Windows 3.0

This operating system was designed for **personal computers**

Windows

First **32-bit** version of Windows designed for **high end** work stations and servers and was replaced by Windows 2000

Windows NT (new technology)

It replaced windows 2000 and windows me

Windows XP

It replaced windows XP and introduced the **aero interface** and **sidebar** feature

Windows vista

Released in late **2009** Home premium Professional Libraries feature gives you **virtual folders**

Windows 7

Designed to be used with smartphones, desktop computers, **with or without a keyboard or mouse** Supports **multi touch input** Includes **start screen, tiles, and charms bar**

Windows 8

It replaced windows 8 and 8.1 Includes **new start menu, microsoft edge, cortana, multiple desktops and task view, action center and tablet mode**

Windows 10

Windows 11 was announced as the successor to Windows 10 during a livestream

June 24, 2021

Windows 11 was released and was designed to be more user friendly and understandable

October 5, 2021

The version of Windows designed for **server use** 2022 is the latest version Supports both **virtualization** and **cloud computing**

Windows Server

**Preinstalled** on home server devices Designed to provide services for a **home network** Can be set up to **back up all devices in the home** on a regular basis

Windows home server

Proprietary operating system for computers made by **Apple corporation** Based on the **unix operating system** Originally set the standard for **graphical user interfaces**

Mac OS

Latest version of Mac OS

MacOS 15 Sequioa

Mac OS feature that **provides access** to some **system** and **app options**

Menu bar

Mac OS feature that contain apps, documents, and so forth

Windows

Mac OS feature that **displays** and **lets you interact** with email messages and other **information**

Notifications

Mac OS feature that contains the user’s stacks and commonly used icons.

Dock

Mac OS feature that **represent** programs, folders, documents, or other items that **can be opened with the mouse**

Icons

Operating system developed in the late **1960s** for **midrange servers** Multiuser, multitasking OS More **expensive, requires high level of technical knowledge, harder to install, maintain, and upgrade**

UNIX

Linux was developed by ____ in ____

Linus Torvalds, 1991

Was **developed independently** An **open-source software**; has been **collaboratively modified** by volunteer programmers all over the world Originally used a command line interface, most recent versions use a GUI Strong support from mainstream companies such as **IBM, NVIDIA, HP, Dell, and Novell** People are switching to this open source software because of **cost**

Linux

One of the most widely used linux OS

Ubuntu

The first cloud operating system

Chrome OS

Latest version of Windows designed for smartphones

Windows Phone 8

Version of windows designed for tablet use

Windows RT

Version of Windows designed primarily for **consumer** and **industrial services** that are **not personal computers**

Windows Embedded

**Linux-based** operating system created with current **mobile device capabilities** in mind **Open platform**

Android

Current version of Android

Android 15 upside down cake

Designed for **apple mobile** phones and devices Supports multitasking Includes **safari, siri, facetime, airdrop, and others**

iOS

Current version of iOS

iOS 18

OS designed for blackberry devices

Blackberry OS and blackberry playbook OS

Other mobile operating systems besides android and ios WebOS, Firefox OS, and Tizen

Mobile Linux

Larger computers sometimes use OS designed **solely for that type of system** and may also use a **customized OS based on a conventional OS.** Examples are:

IBM, Windows, UNIX, and Linux

Software that **performs a specific task**, usually related to **managing or maintaining** the computer system Many of them are **built into OS** for finding files, viewing images, backing up files, etc. Also available as **standalone products** and as **suites**

Utility program

What can utility programs do?

Uninstall and cleanup utilities Backup and recovery utilities File compression programs Security programs

The future of OS

More **user friendly** Primarily driven by **voice, touch, and/or gesture interface** More **stable and self healing** **Security and technological** improvements Improvements in **synchronizing and coordinating data** Used to primarily access **software available through the internet**

Features of File Management Programs

Enable the user to perform file management tasks Search tools Diagnostic and disk management programs

Operating System Flashcards

(74 cards)