Ophthal

Question 1

Retinal features in central retinal vein occulsion

Answer 1

Painless loss of vision

‘Stormy sunset’ - flame heamorrhages

Question 2

Retinal features of central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 2

Ceherry red macula on ale retina

Question 3

Trachoma

Answer 3

Leading cause of blindness in developing world

Chronic congunctivitis and inwadly turned eyelids

Caused by chlamydia

Question 4

What would you expect to see in the pupil of a CN III palsy

Answer 4

mydriatic - dialated

Question 5

posterior synechiae

Answer 5

iris sticks to lens in inflammation (such as anteiror uveitis)

Treatment with dialating drops

Question 6

Pterygum

Answer 6

benign fibrovasular thickening of conjuctiva and affects cornea

Question 7

pinguecula

Answer 7

yellow thickening of conjunctiva and does not affect cornea

Question 8

rred flag for lumps on eyelid

Answer 8

eyelash loss/ulceration - could be cancerr

Question 9

difference between Chalazia and hordeola

Answer 9

A chalazion is caused by noninfectious meibomian gland occlusion (usually further up on eyelid) , whereas a hordeolum usually is caused by infection.

Question 10

holmes adie pupil

Answer 10

Holmes-Adie syndrome involves a pupil in one eye that is larger than the other and constricts slowly in bright light as well as the absence of deep tendon reflexes usually in the Achilles tendon

Question 11

Argyll Robertson pupil

Answer 11

bilaterally small pupils that do not constrict when exposed to bright light but do constrict when focused on a nearby object. Argyll Robertson pupil is a highly specific sign of late-stage syphilis

“prostitute’s pupils” because of their association with syphilis and because, like a prostitute, they “accommodate but dont react”

Question 12

Marcus Gunn pupil

Answer 12

Marcus Gunn pupil, also referred to as a relative afferent pupil defect (RAPD), is a rare condition in which an individual’s response to light is different than expected in only one eye. The presence of a Marcus Gunn pupil is indicative of a unilateral dysfunction in the optic nerve, which transmits information from the retina to the brain, or dysfunction of the retina, which is the light sensitive area at the back of the eye.

Question 13

epiphora

Answer 13

having excess tears or watery eyes.

Question 14

trichiasis

Answer 14

growing of eyelashes inwards

associated with entropion too

can be as a result of trachoma infection

Question 15

Most common primary orbital maligenacy in childhood

Answer 15

rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 16

Conns sydrome pH on ABG

Answer 16

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 17

wolfram syndrome

Answer 17

t1dm and optic neuropathy

Question 18

disproportionately short fingers and low Ca with normal/elevated PTH

Answer 18

psuedohypopapathyroidism

Question 19

eosinophilic adenoma

Answer 19

GH ADEMONA

Question 20

basophilic adenoma

Answer 20

ACTH secreting

Question 21

anterior ischaemic neuropathy typical finding on fundoscopy

Answer 21

pale swollen optic disc

painless loss of vision

Question 22

Holmes - adie pupil and difference with argyll robertson

Answer 22

Slow to constrict to light (reaction) but constricts normally to accomodation.

Usually prersents as dialated but once constricts slow to dialate - tonic pupil

difference from argyll robertson is that is DOES react but slowly and dialated pupil whereas argyll robertson is small pupil and bilateral findigs - HA is usually unilateral but can be bilateral