Ophthalmic system Flashcards
(49 cards)
What are ophthalmic drugs used for?
To help veterinarians treat eye problems in animals
Ophthalmic drugs address various conditions affecting the delicate structure of the eye.
List three common conditions that can affect the eye.
- Infections
- Scratches
- Tumors
Other conditions include bruises, dry eye, and abnormal growth of eyelashes.
What is the purpose of the Schirmer tear test?
Measures the amount of tears produced by the lacrimal glands
Essential for diagnosing dry eye, a serious condition.
What does the Fluorescein stain test check for?
Whether the cornea is intact or has an ulcer
Corneal ulcers must be treated promptly to prevent eye rupture.
True or False: Corneal ulcers do not need immediate treatment.
False
Prompt treatment is crucial to avoid eye rupture.
What is the function of Rose Bengal stain?
Detects corneal damage due to viruses or low tear production
Particularly useful for assessing damage related to dry eye.
What condition does high intraocular pressure indicate?
Dangerous condition that can lead to blindness
Must be treated to prevent serious complications.
What are examples of topical anesthetic drops used for eye examinations?
- Proparacaine
- Tetracaine
Used to numb the eye for checking and removing foreign bodies.
What is the purpose of diluted Povidone Iodine solution in ophthalmology?
Used as an antiseptic to clean the eye and remove debris
Important for preparing the eye surface before surgery.
Fill in the blank: Drops are relatively easy to apply, but a large portion of the medication is removed by the _______.
[tear reaction]
Up to 90% of the drop can be gone within two to three seconds after blinking.
Why might ointments be preferred over drops for eye treatment?
They last longer and often make treatment more effective
Although harder to apply, ointments provide prolonged medication delivery.
What is the purpose of mydriatics?
and mydriatic drugs
To dilate (enlarge) the pupils
Examples include tropicamide, cyclopentolate, and phenylephrine.
What is the role of cycloplegics?
To paralyze the ciliary muscle, reducing pain in the eye
What are miotics used for?
To constrict (close) the pupils
They help treat glaucoma by allowing aqueous humor to flow out more readily.
What is the most frequently used miotic agent?
Topical pilocarpine
colinergic agonist
Can cause irritation, vomiting, diarrhea, and salivation.
How do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors affect intraocular pressure?
They lower the production of aqueous humor, thereby decreasing eye pressure
What are some routes for administering carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Topically, orally, intravenously
Examples include dorzolamide (topical) and acetazolamide (oral/IV).
What are potential side effects of oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
General excitement, panting, vomiting, diarrhea
What is the function of timolol maleate?
A beta blocker used to help prevent glaucoma
What is mannitol used for in emergency situations?
To lower eye pressures by acting as a diuretic
What is the purpose of a topical anesthetic in eye procedures?
To remove foreign bodies from the cornea or enable tonometry
Name two topical anesthetics used in veterinary ophthalmology.
Proparacaine, tetracaine
What does fluorescein stain help visualize?
The extent of corneal ulcerations
What is a collagen shield used for?
To cover a severe corneal scratch and decrease pain
