Ophthalmology Flashcards
Association with open angle glaucoma
Diabetes
Management of primary open angle glaucoma
B-blocker eye drops
Pus in the eye =
= hypopyon
Blood in the eye =
= hyphaema
Association of episcleritis
Contact lenses
Presentation of central retinal artery occlusion (3)
Painless loss of vision
Afferent pupil defect
Pale retina
Format for visual acuity
Distance from chart / smallest line of letters seen
e.g. 6/6 - normal vision, 6/60 - bad vision
Is the cornea usually vascular or avascular?
Usually avascular - can get growth of new vessels in hypoxia: bad as cannot see as well
Pupil sign in penetrating injury
Tear drop pupil - iris moves to try and plug the gap
High myopia is a risk factor for…
Retinal detachment
High metropia is a risk factor…
Acute angle closure glaucoma
Causes of gradual visual loss (4)
Cataract
ARMD
Chronic open angle glaucoma
Diabetic retinopathy
Surgical management of cataracts
Phaco-emulsification with intra-ocular lens implantation
Causes of sudden PAINLESS visual loss (6)
CRAO CRVO Amaurosis fugax Ischaemic optic neuropathy Retinal detachment Vitreous haemorrhage
Causes of sudden PAINFUL visual loss (3)
Acute angle closure glaucoma
Optic neuritis
GCA
Management of CRAO (3)
Only effective within 12-24 hours
- Ocular massage
- Paper bag breathing (> vasodilation)
- Use carbonic anhydrase inhibitors etc to lower IOP
Signs in CRVO (2)
Flame haemorrhages
Cotton wool spots
Management of CRVO
Depends on whether there are signs of ischaemia + neovascularisation
If neovascularisation = use laser pan-retinal photocoagulation
Association with anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy
Can be associated with GCA
Management of acute angle closure glaucoma
IV acetazolamide
Management of HZV Ophthalmicus
Oral aciclovir
Retrobulbar neuritis
Won’t see swollen disc
Will still have features of optic neuritis
Association with CN III palsy (Vascular)
Posterior communicating aneurysm
Two components of grading diabetic retinopathy
Retinal neovascularisation
Macular oedema
