Opioid meds Flashcards
(52 cards)
xfwhat is an opioid
substence that produces morphrine like effects that are blocked by morphrine antagonist naloxone
type of nacrotic
in plants, but in body as peptides
Opioid Indication
PAIN, COUGH, ADDICTION:
anaglasia (inability to feel severe, constant pain), antitussive, addiction off stronger opoids
what is 5-HT
seratonin
What is DA
dopamine
Opioid MOA
binds to opioid receptors inhibiting ascending pain pathways
Opioid adverse effects
She CRiNGeD about The Creepy BUMP:
She CRiNGeD (take out vowels)
Sedation, constipation, respiratory nausea, GI, depression
about The Creepy BUMP
secondary: trunk stiff, cough sepression, bronchospasm, urinary retention, miosis (pinpoint pupil), pruritus (itching)
what is miosis
pinpoint pupil
what is pruritus
itching
what is anaglasia
(inability to feel severe, constant pain)
(dont memorise) just generally explain how truncal rigidity can impair ventilation
Restricted chest wall movement, mpaired diaphragm mechanics, Reduced effectiveness of cough, etc. bad for pts who alr have spacicity
exlpain the effects of the GI AE of opioids
this impacts absorbtion of other drugs bc the opiod is sitting in the stomach longer, and can cause delayed fastoc emptying
what are the strong mu (μ) agonists
BASICLLY: all “codOne”, all “morphrine”,and fentanyl
Oxycodone, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydrocodone w acetaminophen, morphrine, hydromorphrine
What class is all opiods controlled at EXCEPT 1, and what is that one/ class of that one?
what does this all mean?
class 2
EXCEPTION: tramadol- class 4
what is a PT concern about opioids
loopy/ drowsniess may increase fall effect
Which opioid is often combined with acetaminophen or aspirin for additive effect
oxycodone (mu agonist)
What is the correlation with active metabolites and opioids? Which opioid specifically?
specifically Morphine- can accumulate after extended dosing even if normal renal function
What are some precautions to take with Fentanyl specifically
ADDICTIVE/ PATCH
-do NOT use for chronic pain management if opioid naïve;
-physical activity/heat on the patch ↑ drug delivery,
-properly dispose of patch
What is a mild-moderate mu (μ) agonist (weak opioid)
codEine
Out of all indicatins, what is Codeine SPECIFICLLY used for
antitussive
explain what a prodrug is and which drug is a prodrug? AND what can be a AE of a prodrug specificlly?
codeine:
codeine itself is not very active — it needs to be converted in the body into its active form to have its full pain-relieving (analgesic) effect. It’s converted into morphine, which is the actual drug that binds strongly to opioid receptors and reduces pain.
THIS MEANS WE MIGHT HAVE LINGERING METABOLITES- After metabolism, other byproducts of codeine can stay in the body and may cause side effects, especially with repeated doses or poor metabolism
What drug moderate pain relief and is a weak μ- and κ-agonist? What does it inhibit? Why would someone use it? AE?
Tramadol
neurotransmitters (seratonin and NE)
Believed to have less risk of dependence but it is still possible
Increases risk of seizures so avoid if personal history or in combo with other drugs that could increase risk (ex: some antidepressants)
What is the benifit of using patient controlled analgesia (PCA)
this is where pt pushes button
it keeps a steady concentration in bod W FEWER peaks and valleys
may enable earlier post op rehab
pt may be alert and experience fewer side effects
pt may be more mobile
PCA: loading dose
larger initial dose
PCA: demand dose
amt recieved when button pressed (amt delivered)
