Pain Pathways

Question 1

How is pain classified

Answer 1

duration (acute, chronic)
cause
mechanism (nociceptive vs neuropathic)

Question 2

what duration would an injury be in where the pain sevarity is correlating with the degree of the injury

Answer 2

acute

Question 3

examples of somatic pain

Answer 3

fracture (vs visceral would be MI)

Question 4

what duration would an injury be in where the distinguishing feature is psychological mechanisms

Answer 4

chronic
psychological mechanisms- pain all the time= depressed

Question 5

what pain is referred when comes from viscera? (nociceptive or neuropathic)

Answer 5

nociceptive

Question 6

Explain why a warning sign does not always mean damage in chronic pain

Answer 6

CNS may be dysfunctional in chronic pain. It is on hyperalert and keeps sending signals

Question 7

allodynia

Answer 7

pain preception from non noxious stimuli

ex- A person feels sharp pain when a light breeze touches their skin
bc nervous system is sensitized

Question 8

non noxious stimuli

Answer 8

do not cause pain or tissue damage. They include stimuli like light touch, gentle pressure, or temperature changes within a safe range

Question 9

What is the level of stimulation req to activate a nerve called

Answer 9

pain threshold

Question 10

explain 1st 2nd and 3rd order neurons

Answer 10

ascending pathway

Question 11

explain there are 2 stages of pain (initial sharp and dull persistant) in terms of the spinothalamatic pathway

Answer 11

in the spinothalamatic pathway there are 2 bundles: neo and paleo

Question 12

superficial lamina / substantia gelatinosa
-what do they do?

Answer 12

modulation (influence) of pain related info

Question 13

A vs C fibers

Are these nonnoxious or noxious?

Answer 13

mylanated A detla- rapid, acute pain
unmylenated C fibers- slow, chronic pain

• both are noxious

noxious = harmful, unpleasant, or painful

Question 14

descending pain pathway goal

Answer 14

supress pain so body can funciton

Question 15

descending pain pathway

Answer 15

spinomesencephalic-> PAG-> RVM (rostral ventral medulla,-> down spinal cord-> activates endogenous opioid system

Question 16

natural opioids in bod: B endorphins, dynorphins, enkephalins: what does each bind to

Answer 16

B= mu
Dy- kappa
En= delta

Question 17

what receptor is mainly responsible for analgesic effects

Answer 17

mu

Question 18

Does pain= tissue damage

Answer 18

no

Question 19

when choosing a most appropriate treatment, what should be taken into account pain wise?

Answer 19

type of pain

Question 20

pain scale- numeric

Answer 20

0-10

Question 21

pain scale- visual analog

Answer 21

Question 22

pain scale- McGill pain questionare

Answer 22

how strong is your pain? mild, severe, etc.

Question 23

pain scale- CPOT

Answer 23

for nonverbal/ cant comprehend, like the FLACC but for adults
-Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool

Question 24

pain scale- FLACC

Answer 24

kids, nonverbal, look at kid crying and face, how well can kid be consoled

Question 25

pain scale- wong baker faces scape

Answer 25

self assesment for all ages who can not verbally communicate their level of pain

Question 26

noxious vs nonnoxious noceceptive vs neuropathic

Answer 26

noxious= harmful, unpleasant, or painful noceceptive= type of pain that arises from tissue damage or injury