Pain Science Flashcards
(26 cards)
3 types of pain
nociceptive pain
neuropathic pain
nociplastic (central sensitization) pain
what is nociplastic (central sensitization) pain
no clear evidence of actual or threatened tissue damage
what is the cartesian model of pain
traditional model, pts still make assumtions from it like more pain=more damage, pain=injury, physical pain fuels psychological pain
explain the modern day model of pain
input, processing, output
why is “pain” the wrong way to describe that A B and C fibers transmit? What is the correct word?
nociceptive, sending danger signals then the BRAIN turns the signals into pain
(brain makes pain decision NOT the fibers)
(bc is it just complete pain than all injuries would hurt despite the circumstances- ex: roll ankle alone vs bus ab to run you over)
give an example of how the enviroment impacts how a person experiences pain
lots of exposure to pain early-> less chronic pain late
soft culture -> more pain
more mechanical ion channels = ___ pain sensitivity (more/less)
more
when are ion channels considered equal and resting?
homeostasis
what is the great news about ion channels as they relate to pain
they can change! neuroplastic
pain is an ____ of the brain
pain and injury are ___ synonymus
enviroment can ____/____impact the pain exeperience
changes in ion channel expression can lead to ___________ of the stimulus that opens that cannel
output
not
negitivly/ positivly
increased sensitization
explain chronic pain in terms of interneurons inhibiting signals
Explain how 2nd order neurons contribute to chronic pain
replaced with receptors tha tincrease danger sign
G protien channels increase (“open gate”)
explain the pain neurometrix
areas of the brain lti up by pain are diffrent for everyone
words, social media, etc. can influence this pain map
Describe the hebbian theory
use the lion example to explain how stress response is prolonged in chronic pain
why is increased cortisol bad
it can cause multiple things to happen (muscle waste, bp, weight gain, inflammatory, etc)
explain how chronic pain changes the hommunclulis
can change size of representation of a body part which then impacts:
- accurately identify any body part
-left right discrimination
-changes in the size of cortical maps
what types of pts can benifit from PNE (pain neuroscience educstion)
-central sensitization
-chronic
-awaiting surgery
explain how this shows signifigant evidence of PNE
red vs yellow flags of pain in the screening process
red-patterns that suggest systemic orgin (weight loss, bowel bladder disfuntion, night pain, etc)
- immediate attention (further screening/ referral),
yellow- psychosocial barriers (fear, catastrophization, emotions)
- main contributor to pain and disability and have potential to increase risk of long-term disability and work loss
self evaluation questionare: score to see __
anxiety
>39-40, older: >54-55
PHQ-2 and PHQ-9: score to see __
depression
>2- evaluate further w phq9: >10
tampa scale for kinesaphobia: score to see __
fear of mvmt
> 37
pain catastrization scale score to see __
can only see worst possible outcome, unbearable situation when just uncomfy
> 30
