Opthamology

Question 1

Which two nerves are involved in the pupillary light reflex?

Answer 1

CN II - afferent
CN III - efferent
If a pupillary reflex is seen in one eye during light reflex that suggests CN II is intact but CN III is not

Question 2

White pupillary reflex in a child is associated with?

Answer 2

Retinoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Can be sporadic or familial

Question 3

A pt with a fib presents with sudden painless loss of vision. Dx and what would be seen on fundoscopy?

Answer 3

Central retinal artery occlusion
Permanent mononuclar blindness
Fundoscopy - pale retina and “cherry-red” macula

Question 4

Pt presents with chronic hepatitis and ring around their iris. Dx and what other syx?

Answer 4

Wilson’s dz, Kayser-Fleischer ring

other syx - basal ganglia atrophy

Question 5

Pt is given timolol for glaucoma. What is the target?

Answer 5

Cilliary epithelium
Non selective beta blocker, diminishes secretion of aqueous humor by the ciliary epithelium
Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase) also does this

Question 6

Characteristics of open-angle glaucoma

Answer 6

Progressive loss of peripheral vision from elevated intraocular pressure.

Question 7

Pt presents with moderate loss of peripheral vision and big dilated retinal arteries on fundoscopy. Started on latanoprost eyedrops. Dx and MOA?

Answer 7

Glaucoma
Increases outflow of aqueous humor
Increased intraocular pressure due to increased production or decreased outflow of aqueous humor.
Latanoprost = top prostaglandin
increases aqueous outflow via the uveoscleral pathway
Preferred tx in open angle glaucoma

Question 8

During a cricothyrotomy the incision will pass through which structures?

Answer 8

Superficial cervical fascia
Pretracheal fascia
Cricothyroid membrane
Indicated when an emergency airway is needed but intubation is contraindicated or unsuccessful

Question 9

A kid has frequent nose bleeds and undergoes cauterization of the?

Answer 9

Nasal septum

AKA Kiesselbach plexus