Option C.1

Question 1

Define sport

Answer 1

An organised activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment.​

Question 2

Define Physical activity

Answer 2

Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that significantly increases energy expenditure.

Question 3

Define exercise

Answer 3

A subcategory of physical activitywhere bodily movements are performed to improve or maintain one or more component of fitness. ​

Question 4

define physical fitness

Answer 4

Being able to meet everyday life activities

Question 5

What is hypokinetic disease

Answer 5

a disease associated with physical inactivity.

Question 6

Outline 5 different hypokinetic diseases

Answer 6

CORONARY HEART DISEASE
STROKE
HYPERTENSION
OBESITY
TYPE 2 DIABETES
OSTEOPOROSIS.

Question 7

Discuss how studies of different populations provide evidence of the link between physical activity and hypokinetic disease

Answer 7

low/decreasing physical activity levels often correspond with a high/rising GNP ✔

inactivity is often attributed to inaction during leisure time and sedentary activities on the job and at home ✔

urbanisation can lead to a reduction on physical activity ✔

eg high density of traffic/pollution
OR
eg reduction of parks/sidewalks/recreational facilities ✔

an increase in age of populations is likely to increase the likelihood of hypokinetic diseases and a reduction in physical activity ✔

Question 8

Types of physical fitness

Answer 8

Physical Fitness can be divided into the two categories we mentioned in Topic 6:​
- body composition
- agility
- cardio-respiratory fitness (aerobic capacity)
- balance
- flexibility
- coordination
- muscular endurance
- power
- strength
- reaction time
- speed

Question 9

What is a stroke

Answer 9

a blood clot in a vessel of the brain, blocks blood and O2 getting to areas of the brain, leading to tissue death

Question 10

What is hypertension

Answer 10

High blood pressure

Question 11

What is obesity

Answer 11

Excess body fat

Question 12

What is type 2 diabetes

Answer 12

Body becomes resistant to insulin produced by the pancreas (best treatment is exercise)

Question 13

What is osteoporosis

Answer 13

Low bone density, its like having holes in the bone, it makes it easier to break (to make it stronger/more dense, we put force to the bone)

Question 14

Discuss the relationship between major societal changes and hypokinetic disease

Answer 14

the introduction of the motor vehicle✔

changes in employment, jobs are more office based leading to increasing sedentary bouts✔

changes in diet including increase in fast food resulting in higher saturated fats and sugars✔

technological devices reducing manual labour✔

children spending greater number of hours playing computer games and watching TV✔

urbanisation/high density living reducing recreational space✔