Oral Bacteria B- Exam III

Question 1

Pyogenic infections association with the teeth and surrounding supporting structures:

Answer 1

dentoalveolar infections

Question 2

Dentoalveolar infections are ___ infections associated with the teeth and surrounding supporting structures:

Answer 2

pyogenic

Question 3

Endodontic infections are ___ infections that are ___.

Answer 3

endogenous; opportunistic

Question 4

Growth in the laboratory on artificial growth media:

Answer 4

cultivation

Question 5

Bacteria cultivated most frequently in root canal infections include:

Answer 5

1. bacteroides
2. prevotella

Question 6

List the possible causes of dentoalveolar abscesses:

Answer 6

1. spread from carious lesion
2. spread through periodontal membrane an accessory root canals
3. anachoresis
4. tooth fracture/wear

Question 7

traveling of bacteria during bacteria from tooth extraction at different site via pulpal blood supply:

Answer 7

anachoresis

Question 8

Anachoresis traveling occurs via:

Answer 8

pulpal blood supply

Question 9

The pathways by which microorganisms may invade the pulp and periapical tissues include:

Answer 9

1. from apical foramen
2. via PDL
3. via bloodstream (anachoresis)

Question 10

List the facultative anaerobes commonly isolated from dentoalveolar abscesses:

Answer 10

1. streptococcus
2. actinomyces

Question 11

List the obligate anaerobes commonly isolated from dentoalveolar abscesses:

Answer 11

1. peptostreptococcus
2. porphyromonas ginigivalis
3. prevotella
4. fusobacterium nucleatum

Question 12

a spreading bilateral infection of the sublingual and submandibular spaces involving cellulitis of the fascial spaces rather than true abscess formation:

Answer 12

Ludwig’s Angina

Question 13

Ludwig’s angina involves ____ rather than ____.

Answer 13

cellulitis rather than abscess formation

Question 14

bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin

Answer 14

cellulitis

Question 15

Ludwigs angina is considered a ___ infection

Answer 15

mixed endogenous

Question 16

List the bacteria species found in Ludwig’s angina:

Answer 16

1. polyphyromonas
2. prevotella
3. fusobacteria
4. anaerobic streptococci

Question 17

What is the main concern for Ludgwig’s Angina:

Answer 17

airway obstruction (death by asphyxiation)

Question 18

Localized collection of pus caused by acute or chronic destruction of periodontist

Answer 18

periodontal abscess

Question 19

A periodontal abscess is a ___ infection character by ___

Answer 19

endogenous; sub gingival plaque bacteria

Question 20

Many bacteria are associated with a periodontal abscess making this a ____ disease

Answer 20

polymicrobial

Question 21

List the bacterial species that are commonly found in periodontal abscesses:

Answer 21

1. porphyromonas
2. prevotella
3. fusobacteria
4. anaerobic streptococci

Question 22

Involves the same organisms as a periodontal abscess but involves bone:

Answer 22

suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaws

Question 23

List the bacterial species that are commonly found in suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaw:

Answer 23

1. porphyromonas
2. prevotella
3. fusobacteria
4. anaerobic streptococci

Question 24

An endogenous, granulomatous disease, characterized by painful abscesses in the mouth often caused by recent dental work dislodging bacteria giving them access to adjacent tissue:

Answer 24

cervicofacial actinomycosis

Question 25

65% of cervicofacial actinomycosis occurs in the ____ region

Answer 25

cervicofacial

Question 26

What bacteria is responsible for crevicofacial actinomycosis?

Answer 26

actinomyces (oral commensal)

Question 27

What is a characteristic sign of cervicofacial actinomycosis?

Answer 27

visible granules in pus "sulphur granules"

Question 28

The "sulphur granules" characteristic of actinomycosis are composed of:

Answer 28

collections of bacteria (NOT ACTUALLY SULPHUR)

Question 29

List the oral manifestations of syphilis:

Answer 29

1. Hutchinson's incisors 2. mulberry molars 3. primary & secondary syphilis lesions 4. gummas (granulomatous lesions)

Question 30

List the oral manifestations of tuberculosis:

Answer 30

oral lesions in up to 5% of primary and secondary tuberculosis cases- ulcers on palate and gingiva

Question 31

For the disease leprosy, there are many:

Answer 31

oral manifestations

Question 32

List three disease in which we see bacterial oral manifestations:

Answer 32

1. syphillis 2. tuberculosis 3. leprosy

Question 33

Bacterial infections of salivary glands often involve what bacteria?

Answer 33

staphylococcus

Question 34

Diseases or situations associated with oral bacteria and their components:

Answer 34

1. infective endocarditis 2. disseminated intravascular coagulation 3. nephritis 4. rheumatoid arthiritis 5. behcet's syndrome 6. atherosclerosis 7. low-birth-weight infants

Question 35

Chronic inflammatory disorder with oral ulcers associated with oral bacteria and their components

Answer 35

behcet's syndrome

Question 36

What type of interactions are characteristic of infective endocarditis?

Answer 36

platelet streptococcal interactions

Question 37

Infective endocarditis: circulating platelets adhere to ___ on exposed on damaged heart valves.

Answer 37

collagen

Question 38

Infective endocarditis: During polymicrobial bacteremia, oral streptococci bind to the activated adherent platelets through:

Answer 38

expressed adhesins & PAAP

Question 39

Infective endocarditis: ____ activates and induces additional platelets to aggregate on the heart valve

Answer 39

PAAP

Question 40

PAAP =

Answer 40

platelet aggregation-associated protein

Question 41

PAAP is a platelet aggregation-associated protein that is:

Answer 41

streptococcal surface protein (adhesin)

Question 42

Infective endocarditis: Aggregation involves the cross-linking of platelets to one another by:

Answer 42

fibrinogen molecules

Question 43

Infective endocarditis: The fibrinogen molecules that induces the cross-lining of platelets are polymerized into ____ by ___, forming an insoluble thrombus or platelet clot

Answer 43

fibrin by thrombin

Question 44

Infective endocarditis: Released platelet granules contain ____ including platelet microbicidal protein, which may limit the valvular infection by sensitive bacteria

Answer 44

innate antimicrobials

Question 45

Infective endocarditis: _____ accumulate on the exterior of the septic thrombus as an inflammatory response is initiated

Answer 45

leukocytes

Question 46

Other possible associations between oral microbes and system disease includes: (2)

Answer 46

1. heat shock proteins 2. auto recognition induced by oral microorganisms

Question 47

Because microbial HSPs are very similar to human HSPs that are normally shielded within cells, antibodies elicited by bacterial HSPs can ___ with exposed ___ (in damaged tissues)

Answer 47

cross-react; human HSPs

Question 48

If microbial HSPs cross-react with human HSPs in damaged tissues, this can result in:

Answer 48

immune complexes being deposited into arterial walls, joints, and mucous membranes

Question 49

What aspect of HSPs can contribute to systemic diseases?

Answer 49

HSP mimicry

Question 50

For auto recognition induced by oral microorganisms, streptococcus sanguines express an ____ within _____ which is similar to the arthritogenic ____ of ____.

Answer 50

epitope within PAAP; epitope of type II collagen

Question 51

In the gingival sulcus, bacteria and their PAMPS such as LPS affect underlying tissues, causing:

Answer 51

local inflammation

Question 52

One mechanisms in which their is a link between dental disease and systemic inflammation is due to high levels of _____ (TNF-alpha & IL-1B) may enter circulation and induce the liver to produce ____, such as CRP.

Answer 52

inflammatory mediators; acute-phase reactants

Question 53

One mechanisms in which their is a link between dental disease and systemic inflammation may be due to the inflammatory mediators TNF-alpha and IL-1B acting on ___ in existing atherosclerotic plaques, causing exacerbation of the disease

Answer 53

monocytes

Question 54

Innate host oral defenses include:

Answer 54

1. mucosal barrier 2. defensins 3. adherent mucin layer 4. commensal oral microbiota

Question 55

Innate host defense of oral surfaces that contain TLRs that recognize PAMPs

Answer 55

the mucosal barrier

Question 56

Innate host defense of oral surfaces that are small peptides that form pores in bacterial membranes, disrupting cells: Give an example:

Answer 56

defensins Human beta-defensing 1 (HBD-1)

Question 57

The main defense produced by epithelial cells:

Answer 57

HBD-1

Question 58

Why are bacterial membranes so susceptible to defensins?

Answer 58

due to their high phospholipid content

Question 59

Innate host defense of oral surfaces in which mucins are attached to mucosal surfaces to form a selectively permeable layer (a mucous coat analogous to a bacterial capsule)

Answer 59

Adherent mucin layer

Question 60

The adherent mucin layer of the innate host defense is analogous to:

Answer 60

a bacterial capsule

Question 61

Mucins are ___ and their ___ portion forms a sticky, slippery gel

Answer 61

glycoprotein; carbohydrate

Question 62

What are the mucins in the oral cavity?

Answer 62

MG1 and MG2

Question 63

Innate host defense of oral surfaces including on tooth surfaces, in which endogenous bacteria keep out new bacteria, and stimulate the immune system:

Answer 63

commensal oral microbiota

Question 64

What innate host defense of oral surfaces can be disease causing when balance shifts?

Answer 64

Commensal oral microbiota

Question 65

The fluid phase innate host defense is:

Answer 65

saliva

Question 66

How much saliva is secreted per day into the mouth?

Answer 66

0.5-1.5 liters

Question 67

The fluid phase of the innate host defense: contain ___ that aggregate and clear oral microbes via lectin-like interactions: What are two specific examples?

Answer 67

mucins; MG1, MG2

Question 68

Mucins work via:

Answer 68

lectin-like interactions

Question 69

An innate host defense found in the saliva that degrades peptidoglycan by cutting bond between NAG and NAM

Answer 69

lysozyme aka (muramidase)