Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

microbiology > Zoonoses-Haemophilius-Listeria- Exam III > Flashcards

Zoonoses-Haemophilius-Listeria- Exam III Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What bacteria is responsible for Black Death/Plague?

A

Yersinia Pestis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the gram stain of yersinia pestis?

A

Gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When yersinia pestis is living in its natural host in the environment, it can cause:

A

sylvatic plague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe sylvatic plague:

A

Passing of yersinia pestis among its natural host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transmission of yersinia pestis causing sylvatic plague is through:

A

please that cause obstruction of digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In sylvatic plague, how does the flea get transmit bacteria?

A

bites and regurgitates its bacteria into the bite wound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When fleas of the Norwegian or Black Rat transmit yersinia pestis to humans in urban environments due to unsanitary conditions:

A

Urban plague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The urban plague (caused by yersinia pestis) can progress into ____ or ____ in humans

A

Bubonic plague or Septicemic plague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If aerosolized yersinia pestis is brought into the lungs, ____ can occur:

A

pneumonic plague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

10-20% of people with septicemic plague will end up with pneumonic plague which is (2):

A
  1. HIGHLY contagious (due to direct transmission)
  2. Near 100% mortality (Black Death)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Infected lymph node with pus, NOT contagious, but with a mortality rate of 50-75% if not treated:

A

bubo (from bubonic plague)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If an individual presents with bubos, what are their chances of death if left untreated?

A

50-75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which form of the plague caused by yersina pestis leads to black limbs and appendages?

A

pneumonic plague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

By the time the yersinia pestis progresses into the lungs it is referred to as Black Death because:

A

death likely occurs within 2-3 days of exposure to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fully virulent bacteria break out of the phagocytes infect the nodes, producing buboes:

A

bubonic plague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When yersinia pestis bacteria invade the bloodstream:

A

septicemic plague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When lungs become infected with yersinia pestis:

A

pneumonic plague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the gram stain for francisella tularensis?

A

gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Francisella tularensis is an opportunistic zoonosis that is present in:

A

birds, rabbits, ticks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Francisella tularinesis in addition to being an opportunistic zoonosis, there is also a threat for:

A

bioterrorism (due to ability to infect via aerosol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the virulence factors of francisella tularensis:

A

intracellular growth in macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the virulence factor “intracellular growth in macrophages”cause in hosts?

A

prevention of phagolysosome fusion resulting in bacteremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Diseases caused by francisella tularensis include:

A
  1. ulceroglandular tularemia
  2. oculoglandular tularemia
  3. pulmonary tularemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are commons names for the diseases caused by francisella tularensis?

A

rabbit fever & tick fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the gram stain of brucella?
Gram negative
26
Although brucella is not genetically related to yersinia or francisella, similarities include:
ultrastructurally similar & zoonotic
27
What strain of brucella is an opportunistic zoonosis that is feared to cause bioterrorism?
B. melitensis
28
Systemic bacteremia (caused by brucella) starting from infected lymph nodes:
undulent fever aka brucellosis or bang's disease
29
Undulant fever or Bang's disease is caused by what bacteria?
Brucella
30
What allows brucella to become systemic?
its ability to survive in cells (specifically macrophages)
31
A characteristic symptoms of infection caused by brucella:
Undulant fever
32
Describe the pathogenesis of brucella:
organisms penetrate mucus membranes and are carried to the heart, kidneys, and other parts of the body via the blood and lymphatic system
33
Part of the pathogenesis seen with brucella is caused by its resistance to:
phagocytic killing and growth within phagocytes
34
What is the gram stain of haemophilus influenzae?
gram negative
35
Haemophilus influenzae is frequently part of :
oral flora
36
What is the carrier rate for haemophilus influenzae present in the oral cavity?
80%
37
Discuss the serotypes of haemophilus influenzae:
6 O-antigen serotypes, type b most virulent
38
What serotype of haemophilus influenzae is the most virulent?
type b
39
Discuss the virulence factors of haemophilus influenzae:
polyribotol phosphate (PRP) capsule B
40
What allows the type B strain of haemophilus influenzae to cause systemic infections?
the polyribotol phosphate capsule B
41
What type of vaccine is used for protection against haemophilus influenzae?
Conjugated vaccine
42
Discuss the mechanism of haemophilus influenzae conjugated vaccine:
Conjugated vaccine agains capsule b polysaccharides creates protective IgG preventing systemic infections
43
Does the haemophilus influenzae vaccine protect against other encapsulated strains and unencapsulated strains?
NO
44
How many cases per year of haemophilus influenzae type b infections? How much of a decrease is this since the conjugated vaccine?
20,000; 99.7%
45
Before the availability of conjugate vaccines in later 1987, H. Influenzae type b was the most common cause of:
bacterial meningitis in preschool children
46
Without vaccination, haemophilus influenzae causes ____ in children by _____ strains.
systemic diseases; encapsulated strains
47
Without vaccination against haemophilus influenzae, systemic diseases by encapsulated strains in children cause:
1. meningitis 2. septicemia 3. cellulitis 4. epiglottis
48
Discuss the epidemiology of haemophilus influenzae:
1. aerosol transmission 2. respiratory tract in elderly
49
describe the gram stain of legionella pneumophilla:
gram negative
50
What characteristic of legionella pneumophila allow them to grow inside of macrophages in the endoplasmic reticulum?
They are facultatively intracellular
51
Since legionella pneumophila are facultatively intracellular they function to:
prevent endosome-lysosome fusion; and autophagosome-like uptake
52
Legionella pneumophilia are acquired from the ___
environment
53
Legionella pneumophila live and proliferate in:
vacuoles of amoebas and in the ER of macrophages
54
What is the significance of legionella pneumophilias ability to live intracellularly in amoebas?
This lifestyle is adaptable to living in macrophages- dangerous for humans
55
Describe what makes legionella pneumophila difficult to be eradicated?
1. growth up to 46 degrees Celsius 2. relatively resistant to chlorine and other biocides
56
Describe the disease caused by legionella pneumophila and its discovery:
Legionnaires disease- a lung disease discovered to be caused by an infected roof ac
57
Discuss the virulence factors involved with legionnaire's disease:
intracellular growth in alveolar macrophages (inhibits phagolysosomal fusion)
58
Discuss the transmission of legionnaire's disease:
aerosol from water sources (living inside amoeba) NO HUMAN-TO-HUMAN transmission
59
Discuss symptoms of legionnaires' disease:
severe pneumonia, and necrotic abscesses especially in immune compromised and eldery
60
What is the mortality rate for legionnaires' disease?
20%
61
List the gram stain and shape for listeria monocytogenes:
gram positive; coccobacilli
62
Describe what listeria monocytogenes is resistant to:
1. acid-resistant 2. cold-resistant (psychrotolerant) 3. salt resistant
63
Listeria monocytogenes are cold resistant and grow in the temperatures range of:
1-45 degrees Celsius
64
Because listeria monocytogenes are cold and acid resistant, give examples of conditions they are able to tolerate:
1. refrigeration 2. stomach acid
65
Listeria monocytogenes are widespread in ___ and ____ but become pathogenic when ____.
soil & water; food-borne
66
What is the means to how individuals acquire a listeria monocytogenes infection?
when pathogen becomes food borne
67
Give examples of where listeria monocytogenes may be a food-borne pathogen:
processed meats or dairy like brie cheese
68
Listeria monocytogenes are ____ meaning they can reside within enterocytes and macrophages:
facultatively intracellular
69
Because listeria monocytogenes are facultatively intracellular they can reside within:
1. enterocytes (columnar epithelial cells lining gut) 2. macrophages
70
Disease caused by infection with listeria monocytogenes:
listeriosis
71
Listeriosis is rare with about _____ cases per year. Describe exposure:
2500; exposure is common and around 10% of people are asymptomatic carriers
72
Describe the virulence factors of listeria monocytogenes:
listeriolysin O (a pore-forming toxin that allows phagosome escape)
73
A pore forming toxin that allows for phagosome escape, seen in listeria monocytogenes:
listeriolysin O
74
Listeria or other bacteria cross the mucous membrane into tissues by passing through:
M-cells
75
After listeria pass through M-cells to cross the mucous membrane they are:
engulfed by macrophages
76
What occurs once listeria are engulfed by macrophages ?
The bacteria are released by macrophages and enter (toxins) and enter host cells by endocytosis
77
How do listeria bacteria move from cell to cell?
polymerize actin to form filaments that propel them
78
What is the problem with listeria getting into macrophages?
They can end up being passed from one cell to another cell hidden in the macrophage
79
What is a concern with intracellular listeria monocytogenes in pregnant women?
The bacteria can be unknowingly transferred across the placenta
80
When listeria monocytogenes are passed across the placenta and into the fetus, this can lead to:
fetal death due to brain abscess and meningitis
81
Listeria ability to transmit from one cell to another without exposure to the exterior of the cell allows the bacteria to:
evade hosts humoral immune response
82
In mutant listeria that lack _____, the oxidative burst in infected macrophages which is stimulated by ____, will eradicate the infection
lysteriolysin; CD4+ T-cell IFN-gamma
83
In mutant listeria that lack lysteriolysin, the oxidative burst in infected macrophages which is stimulated by CD4+ T-cells IFN-gamma, will:
eradicate the infection
84
In wild-type listeria, where the bacteria escape to the cytoplasm, the additional ____ action by ____ is required before the infection is eradicated
lytic action; CD8+ CTL's
85
In wild-type listeria, where bacteria escape to the cytoplasm, the additional lytic action by CD8+ CTL's is:
required before the disease is eradicated
86
Discuss the epidemiology of listeria monocytogenes:
1. immune compromised 2. neonates 3. elderly 4. pregnant women 5. contaminated food

microbiology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions