Oral cavity and upper GIT

Question 1

Describe the location of the Palatine tonsil

Answer 1

Between soft palate and back of tongue

Question 2

Recall the boundaries of the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Answer 2

Nasopharynx = Pharyngeal tonsil --> inferiormost point of soft palate
Oropharynx = --> top of epiglottis
Laryngopharynx = --> inferior border of cricoid cartilage

Question 3

What is found at the bifurcation of the oropharynx where the trachea and oesophagus begin?

Answer 3

Transverse arytenoid muscle

Question 4

How can the oropharynx and nasopharynx be sealed off from one another?

Answer 4

Depression of pharyngeal isthmus

Question 5

What is the main characterising feature of the oropharynx?

Answer 5

Lymphatic ring of lingual, pharyngeal and Palatine tonsils

Question 6

Recall the movement of the epiglottis during swallowing

Answer 6

Retroflexes to cover trachea

Question 7

What is the clinical relevance of the inlet of the larynx?

Answer 7

There is a bilateral piriform recess in which foreign bodies may become lodged

Question 8

Describe the muscles of the pharynx

Answer 8

Constrictor muscles (circular) = sup, med and inf; sequentially contract superoinferiorly
Longitudinal muscles (vertically arranged) = elevate pharyngeal wall to bring it up and over a bolus of food during swallowing

Question 9

Describe the muscular arrangement of the tongue

Answer 9

Intrinsic and extrinsic paired muscles, separated by median saggital septum

Question 10

Describe the motor inneravtion of the tongue

Answer 10

Palatoglottus = CNX, all others = CNXII

Question 11

Recall the origin, insertion and function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 11

Origin and insertion = within substance of tongue

Function = alter tongue shape

Question 12

Recall the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 12

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

Question 13

Recall the sensory innervation of the pharynx

Answer 13

Pharyngeal plexus (CNIX/X)

Question 14

Recall the function of styloglossus

Answer 14

Lift and retract tongue

Question 15

Recall the function of palatoglossus

Answer 15

Bolus –> oropharynx

Question 16

What must be relaxed in order to open the oesophagus?

Answer 16

Cricopharyngeus

Question 17

Recall the 3 salivary glands, their innervation and the composition of their secretions

Answer 17

1. Parotid, CNIX, serous
2. Submandibular, CNVII, serous
3. Sublingual, CNVII, mucous

Question 18

Briefly summarise the location of each of the extrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 18

Immediately behind body of tongue = palatoglossus
Just behind that = styloglossus
Originating just behind the mandible and projecting superiorly = genioglossus

Question 19

Describe the sensory innervation of the tongue

Answer 19

Anterior 2/3: sensation = V3, taste = VII

Posterior 2/3: sensation + taste = IX

Question 20

Recall the 4 main muscles of mastecation

Answer 20

Superficial:
Masseter
Temporalis
Deep:
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid

Question 21

Recall the origin and insertion of masseter

Answer 21

Zygomatic arch to ramus and angle of mandible - superficial and deep parts

Question 22

What is the function of masseter?

Answer 22

Elevation of mandible to force closure of mouth

Question 23

Recall the origin and insertion of Temporalis

Answer 23

Temporal fossa to mandibular coronoid process

Question 24

What is the function of Temporalis?

Answer 24

Elevates and retracts mandible

Question 25

Recall the origin and insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle

Answer 25

Top of neck of mandible to sphenoid plate

Question 26

Recall the origin and insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle

Answer 26

Maxilla to angle of mandible

Question 27

What does the medial pterygoid overlie?

Answer 27

Buccinator

Question 28

What is the function of lat. pterygoid?

Answer 28

Depresses and protracts mandible to open mouth

Question 29

What is the function of med. pterygoid?

Answer 29

Acts on mandible to allow chewing: elevation, protraction and lateral movement

Question 30

Summarise the structure of the temperomandibular joint

Answer 30

``` Superior --> inferior: Temporal tubercle Mandibular fossa Articular disc Joint capsule Head of mandible ```

Question 31

Which action of the TMN predominates in slight opening of the jaw?

Answer 31

Hinge action

Question 32

Which action of the TMN predominates in wideopening of the jaw?

Answer 32

Hinge AND GLIDING movements

Question 33

Recall the order of the 8 branches of the external carotid artery

Answer 33

``` She Always Likes Friends Over Papa, Sister, and Mama Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior Auricular Superficial temporal Maxillary ```

Question 34

Recall the branches of the facial nerve, from superior to inferior

Answer 34

``` Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical ```

Question 35

Describe the path of the parotid duct

Answer 35

Penetrates buccinators and opens into the oral cavity adjacent to 2nd upper molar

Question 36

Which nerve innervates the parotid gland?

Answer 36

IX

Question 37

Where does the submandibular gland lie (2 descriptions)?

Answer 37

Along body of mandible | Partly superficial and partly deep to nylohyoid

Question 38

Where does the submandibular duct open out?

Answer 38

Either side of frenulum of tongue

Question 39

Describe the location of the sublingual glands

Answer 39

Scattered along the submandibular duct into which some of them open

Question 40

Recall the innervation of the muscles of mastecation

Answer 40

Mandibular branch of trigeminal (V3)

Question 41

Recall the function of buccinator

Answer 41

Presses cheeks against molars when chewing

Question 42

What sort of tissue makes up the articular disc of the TMJ?

Answer 42

fibrocartilaginous

Question 43

Describe the origin of the lingual nerve?

Answer 43

Main origin = V3, exits via foramen ovale | Also a contribution from facial nerve through chorda tympani

Question 44

Which nerve is the main contributor to the inferior dental plexus?

Answer 44

Inferior alveolar nerve

Question 45

How many teeth in a full adult set? Recall how many of each type

Answer 45

``` 32 including wisdom teeth: Per quadrant: 2 incisors 1 canine 2 premolars 3 molars ```

Question 46

Describe where you would test each of the dermatomes of the face

Answer 46

``` V1 = forehead V2 = Between nose and lip, or cheek V3 = Chin or more lateral cheek ```