Oral Tumors

Question 1

Fulton, JAVMA, 2013:
Canine non-tonsillar SCC

1. Risk of death decreased by what % with surgical treatment compared to no treatment?
2. Risk factor for death apart from non-treatment?
3. Survival time for dogs with incomplete excision or excision with narrow margins was significantly longer than for dogs that were untreated - true or false?
4. Metastatic rate?

Answer 1

Fulton, JAVMA, 2013:

1. Risk of death decreased by 91% with surgery
2. Risk of death increased with increasing tumor-associated inflammation
3. True
4. 29% metastatic rate

Question 2

Culp, JAVMA, 2013:
Canine lingual neoplasia

1. Distribution of tumor types?
2. Tumor recurrence rate?
3. Metastatic rate?
4. Lingual tumors smaller than what size had longer survival times?
5. Overall MST?

Answer 2

Culp, JAVMA, 2013:

1. 32% SCC, 30% malignant melanoma, 7% MCT, 6% HSA
2. 28% recurrence rate
3. 19% metastatic rate
4. Lingual tumors <2cm had longer survival times
5. Overall MST: 483 days

Question 3

Tuohy, JAVMA, 2014:
Oral melanoma in dogs

1. What % had disease progression?
2. What was associated with a 281% increased hazard of death but not disease progression?

Answer 3

Tuohy, JAVMA, 2014:

1. 46% had disease progression
2. Presence of metastases at the time of diagnosis was associated with a 281% increased hazard of death but not disease progression

Question 4

Boston, JAVMA, 2014:
Oral malignant melanomas in dogs

1. Overall MST?
2. Poor prognostic indicators?
3. Any survival advantage associated with systemic adjuvant therapy?
4. What was associated with improved survival time?

Answer 4

Boston, JAVMA, 2014:

1. Overall MST: 346 days
2. Poor prognostic indicators: tumor size, patient age, intralesional excision
3. No survival advantage associated with systemic adjuvant therapy
4. Complete excision was associated with improved survival time

Question 5

Linden, VCOT, 2017:
Partial mandibulectomy

1. Any biomechanical differences between the right-angled and the crescentic osteotomies?
2. Mechanism of failure for both constructs?

Answer 5

Linden, VCOT, 2017:

1. No biomechanical differences between the right-angled and the crescentic osteotomies
2. Both constructs failed by fracture through an empty alveolus - when transected tooth roots are removed from the alveolus, the empty alveolus serves as the weakest point in the mandible and therefore mitigates the potential mechanical advantage of a crescentic osteotomy

Question 6

Riggs, JAVMA, 2018:
Dogs with oral SCC or fibrosarcoma

1. MST for SCC vs FSA?
2. Post-op radiotherapy improved the MST following incomplete excision of which tumor type?

Answer 6

Riggs, JAVMA, 2018:

1. MST: not reached for SCC, 557 days for FSA
2. Post-op radiotherapy improved the MST following incomplete excision of SCC but not FSA

Question 7

MacLellan, JAVMA, 2018:
Partial maxillectomy in dogs

1. Most common intra-op complication?
2. What % of dogs received intra-op blood transfusions?
3. Most common complications within 48hrs post-op?
4. Most common complications between 2 days and 4 weeks after surgery?

Answer 7

MacLellan, JAVMA, 2018:

1. Surgical bleeding was the most common intra-op complication (53% of cases)
2. 43% received intra-op blood transfusions
3. Most common complications within 48hrs post-op: Epistaxis (51%), excessive facial swelling (37%)
4. Most common complications between 2 days and 4 weeks after surgery: lip trauma (13%), oronasal fistula (11%), wound dehiscence (11%), infection (8%)

Question 8

Grimes, JAVMA, 2019:
Oral malignant melanoma and SCC in dogs

1. Lymph node metastasis rate for malignant melanoma vs SCC?
2. What % of dogs had metastasis to both a medial retropharyngeal LN and a mandibular LN?
3. Of the dogs that underwent bilateral lymphadenectomy, what % had metastasis to LNs contralateral to the primary tumor?
4. Was distant metastasis more frequent with malignant melanoma or SCC?

Answer 8

Grimes, JAVMA, 2019:

1. Lymph node metastasis: 37% malignant melanoma vs 29% SCC
2. 21% had metastasis to both a medial retropharyngeal and a mandibular LN
3. 24% had metastasis to LNs contralateral to the primary tumor
4. Distant metastasis was more frequent with malignant melanoma than SCC