Splenic Masses and Hemangiosarcoma

Question 1

Wendelburg, JAVMA, 2014:

1. What % were malignant tumors and what % were benign or non-neoplastic masses?
2. What was the most common malignant tumor?
3. Peri-op mortality rate?
4. Risk factors for death?
5. Most common causes of death?

Answer 1

Wendelburg, JAVMA, 2014:

1. 57% malignant tumors, 42% benign or non-neoplastic masses
2. Hemangiosarcoma was the most common malignant tumor (42% of cases)
3. 8% peri-op mortality rate
4. Odds of death increased with decreasing platelet count, decreasing PCV, development of intra-op arrhythmias, and administration of transfusions
5. Most common causes of death were thrombotic syndromes such as portal system thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism and coagulopathies

Question 2

Wendelburg, JAVMA, 2015:
Splenic HSA

1. What % had stage II HSA?
2. What were the most common metastatic sites of HSA?
3. MST for stage I vs stage II HSA?
4. Was there a survival advantage for adjuvant chemotherapy?

Answer 2

Wendelburg, JAVMA, 2015:

1. 57% had stage II HSA
2. Most common metastatic sites of HSA were liver (65%) and omentum (15%)
3. MST: 5.5 months for stage I vs 1 month for stage II
4. No differences in survival time between dogs that had adjuvant chemo and those that did not, but prolonged maintenance chemo might result in improved survival

Question 3

van Stee, Vet Surg, 2015:
Canine splenic lymphoma

1. Which phenotype was associated with better outcomes?
2. Negative prognostic factors?
3. Did chemotherapy provide a survival benefit?

Answer 3

van Stee, Vet Surg, 2015:

1. B-cell phenotypes were associated with better outcomes
2. Negative prognostic factors: evidence of disease at additional sites (hepatosplenic lymphoma carried the worst prognosis), hemoabdomen
3. No, chemo did not provide a survival benefit

Question 4

Gower, JAVMA, 2015:
Splenic liposarcoma

1. Negative prognostic indicator?
2. MST for dogs with metastasis vs without metastasis?
3. What factors were associated with survival time?

Answer 4

Gower, JAVMA, 2015:

1. Metastasis at the time of surgery was a negative prognostic indicator
2. MST: 45 days with metastasis, 767 days without metastasis
3. Pre-op clinical stage and histologic grade were associated with survival time

Question 5

Lynch, JAVMA, 2017:

1. What % of the malignant tumors were HSA?
2. What % of dogs received transfusions?
3. Which dogs were more likely to receive transfusions?
4. Overall mortality rate and mortality rates for dogs that received transfusions vs dogs that did not receive transfusions?
5. The odds of spontaneous death and euthanasia during hospitalization were higher for dogs that underwent transfusion - true or false?

Answer 5

Lynch, JAVMA, 2017:

1. 76% of the malignant tumors were HSA
2. 44% received transfusions
3. Dogs with malignant disease, especially dogs with HSA, were more likely to receive transfusions
4. Overall mortality rate: 8%
   Mortality rate for dogs that received transfusions: 14%
   Mortality rate for dogs that did not receive transfusions: 3%
5. True

Question 6

Cleveland and Casale, JAVMA, 2016:

1. What % had malignant tumors and what % had benign masses?
2. What was the most common malignant tumor?
3. Association between pre-op PCV and survival?
4. Ultrasonographic feature(s) suggestive of malignancy?
5. MST for HSA?
6. MST for benign masses?

Answer 6

Cleveland and Casale, JAVMA, 2016:

1. 30% malignant masses, 70% benign masses
2. HSA was the most common malignant tumor
3. Hazard of death decreased as pre-op PCV increased
4. A hypoechoic mass or nodule on ultrasound was more likely to be malignant
5. MST for HSA: 132 days
6. MST for benign masses: 436 days

Question 7

Moore, JAVMA, 2017:
Stage II splenic HSA

1. What % of dogs were anemic before splenectomy?
2. What was associated with survival time?

Answer 7

Moore, JAVMA, 2017:

1. 85% were anemic before splenectomy
2. Mitotic score was associated with survival time

Question 8

Ciepluch, Vet Surg, 2018:

1. What % had gross metastatic lesions?
2. What factors were associated with a shorter DFI?
3. What was associated with a longer DFI?
4. Effect of chemotherapy on DFI?

Answer 8

Ciepluch, Vet Surg, 2018:

1. 45% had gross metastatic lesions
2. Presence of gross metastatic lesions at the time of surgery and administration of allogeneic blood products were associated with a shorter DFI
3. Administration of Yunnan Baiyao was associated with a longer DFI
4. Chemo was not associated with a shorter DFI