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ANSC 212 > Organ Systems > Flashcards

Organ Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

muscle consists mostly of __ and __

A

protein and water

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2
Q

building blocks of protein

A

amino acids

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3
Q

carbs and fat have __ cal/g, fat has __ cal/g

A

4, 9

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4
Q

three types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal/striated, smooth, cardiac

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5
Q

muscle that is voluntary and striated

A

skeletal

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6
Q

what are striations caused by

A

actin and myosin

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7
Q

functions of skeletal muscle (4)

A

movement, body temp, posture, stabilize joints

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8
Q

tendon function

A

connects bone to muscle

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9
Q

extensor muscles

A

straighten

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10
Q

flexor muscles

A

bend

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11
Q

abductor muscle

A

move away from body

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12
Q

adductor muscles

A

move in toward body

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13
Q

grades of youthful beef (4)

A

A, AA, AAA, B1-4

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14
Q

Mature grades of beef (2)

A

D1-4, E

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15
Q

function of smooth muscles

A

surrounds hollow internal structures

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16
Q

spindle-shaped muscle cells containing a nucleus, involuntary control

A

smooth muscles

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17
Q

contracts slower and with less strength than other muscles, more stretch ability, involuntary

A

smooth muscles

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18
Q

cardiac muscle details: (3)

A

found in heart, involuntary [under autonomic control], striated

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19
Q

components of circulatory system (5)

A

heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, lymph system

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20
Q

function of circulatory system

A

transports nutrients, waste products, gases, water, hormones, and distributes heat

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21
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

[heart to lungs]
- heart pumps deoxygenated blood thru pulmonary artery to lungs
-blood is oxygenated in capillaries
-oxygenated blood is brought back to heart through the pulmonary vein

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22
Q

systemic circulation

A

[heart to body]
-heart pumps oxygenated blood thru aorta to body tissues
-capillaries allow nutrients and oxygen to enter tissue and waste/CO2 to leave
-vena cava (anterior and posterior) carry deoxygenated blood back into heart

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23
Q

arteries vs. veins

A

away vs. towards heart, red vs. blue, high vs. low pressure, no valves vs. valves

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24
Q

atria

A

receiving chambers of heart

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25
ventricles
pumping chambers
26
anterior vena cava collects from ___
head and shoulder
27
posterior vena cava collects from __
lower regions
28
functions of blood
carries nutrients, waste, oxygen, hormones, heat, has buffers [bicarbonate], osmotic control, clotting mechanism, disease control
29
blood make up
50-60% plasma, 40-50% red blood cells, white blood cells
30
what is the buffy coat
white blood cells
31
3 types of blood cells
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
32
erythrocytes
red blood cells
33
leukocytes
white blood cells
34
thrombocytes
platelets
35
red blood cells formed in __, yes or no nucleus, contains ___ which binds to ___
bone marrow, no nucleus (except birds), hemoglobin, oxygen
36
how nitrate poisoning works
nitrate binds to hemoglobin to create methemoglobin, which cannot transport O2
37
white blood cells formed in __ & __, involved in __, not confined to __
bone marrow & lymph glands, immune system, blood
38
neutrophils & monocytes
types of WBC, attracted to sites of infection, ingest & destroy bacteria
39
eosinophils
type of WBC, control allergic and inflammatory responses
40
basophils
allergic and inflammatory responses
41
T lymphocytes
cellular immunity [attacks infected body cells], learned immunity
42
B lymphocytes
humoral immunity [makes antigen specific antibodies]
43
Total WBC count
Up - bacterial infection Down - virus
44
index for health and milk quality
somatic cell count [mostly WBC in milk]
45
differential WBC count
measuring the % of each type of WBC
46
what do platelets do
attach themselves to injuries, release blood clotting chemical (fibrinogen)
47
plasma/serum make-up
90% water, 10% solids, removed by centrifugation
48
primary function of respiratory system
deliver oxygen to lungs to be exchanged with carbon dioxide.
49
process of respiration
contraction of diaphragm -> negative pressure -> inflow of air -> relaxation of diaphragm -> moves air out
50
structures of urinary system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
51
basic functional unit of the kidneys? How many are there?
nephron, 1 million
52
three main parts of the nephron
glomerulus, bowman's capsule, tubule (proximal + distal + Loop of Henle)
53
flow of kidney
-blood enters kidney from renal artery -moves into glomerulus under high pressure [ultra filtration] -most of liquid is forced out of glomerulus into Bowman's capsule -glucose is reabsorbed in proximal convoluted tubule -water is reabsorbed in Loop of Henle - salts are reabsorbed in distal convoluted tubule - everything not absorbed is urine, which is gathered in collecting ducts and transported to the bladder
54
what animal doesn't have a urinary bladder or urethra?
chicken
55
jobs of kidneys (5)
excretion of waste products, water balance, pH maintenance, osmotic pressure, electrolyte levels
56
two hormones involved with regulating kidneys
antidiuretic (water), aldosterone (Na/K balance)
57
parts of central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
58
parts of peripheral nervous system
nerves that branch out from brain and spinal cord, somatic NS, autonomic NS
59
somatic nervous system
muscle movement and relays from ears, eyes, skin
60
autonomic nervous system
involuntary bodily functions and glands
61
nerve cells
carry information from one part of body to another
62
functions of nervous system (2)
coordinates physical activities of body, basic pathways of all specialized senses
63
parts of neurons (4)
axon, dendrites, nucleus, Myelin sheath
64
path of impulse
receptor organ -> stimulates dendrites -> send action potential up axon -> sends signal across synapse to another set of dendrites
65
parts of brain (4)
cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, brain stem
65
cerebellum functions
coordinates muscular activity
66
thalamus function
relay station, all information processed through
67
midbrain function
eye movement
68
pons function
facial movement, hearing, balance
69
medulla oblongata
breathing, swallowing, blood pressure, heart rhythms
70
spinal cord function
connects brain and peripheral nervous system
71
endocrine system info
made up of ductless glands that send chemical messengers through the blood
72
bodily processes affected by hormones (6)
metabolism, growth, emotions, sexual function, sleep, blood pressure
73
parts of endocrine system (9)
hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, pancreas, ovaries, testes
74
hypothalamus
main link between endocrine and nervous system
75
pituitary function
stimulates other glands to release hormones
76
thyroid function and shape
controls metabolism, butterfly shape
77
parathyroid size and function
four tiny glands, controls calcium levels
78
adrenal glands
stress response, sexual development
79
pineal function
sleep cycle, releases melatonin
80
pancreas function
insulin, helps digestive system
81
ovaries and testes function
sex hormone production
82
what are different hormones made of?
proteins, steroids, modified amino acids
83
innate immunity
physical barriers, inflammatory response
84
adaptive immunity
memory cells after pathogen exposure
85
parts of immune system (8)
lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, thymus, bone marrow, skin, stomach, bowel

ANSC 212 (14 decks)

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