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ANSC 212 > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Canada is the __ largest pork exporter of the world but produces __% of world pork

A

3rd, less than 2

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2
Q

top 3 pork provinces

A

Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba

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3
Q

wild boar was domesticated in __ and __

A

China and England

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4
Q

top 3 pork breeds in Canada

A

Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc

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5
Q

Yorkshire qualities (3)

A

successful crossbreeding, high sow productivity, high carcass quality

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6
Q

Landrace qualities (3)

A

good mothering ability, feed conversion, and carcass quality

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7
Q

Duroc qualities (3)

A

good carcass quality, strong feet/legs, large litters

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8
Q

what breed dominates male lines

A

Duroc

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9
Q

sow

A

adult breeding female after first litter

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10
Q

gilt

A

female pig that has not yet had piglets
(heifer pig)

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11
Q

barrow

A

male pig castrated before sexual maturity

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12
Q

boar

A

uncastrated male pig for breeding

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13
Q

drawbacks of swine production

A

production must be carefully managed for good results, swine are susceptible to diseases and parasites

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14
Q

three types of swine production enterprises

A

farrow to finish
farrow to wean
grow to finish

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15
Q

farrow to finish

A

breeding and farrowing sows, then feeding offspring until market weight
takes 10 months
most input, takes long time

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16
Q

farrow to wean

A

breeding and farrowing sows, then selling piglets at weaning
requires less facilities
at mercy of weanling pig market

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17
Q

grow to finish

A

buy weaned pigs and feed them to market weight
don’t have to manage breeding stock
worry about quality and health of weaned pigs

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18
Q

1 boar per how many females

A

20

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19
Q

T/F can AI pigs

A

True

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20
Q

flushing the breeding herd

A

feeding sow more feed than what is required before breeding to increase the number of ovulated eggs

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21
Q

gestation of pigs

A

3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days

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22
Q

why are pregnant sows kept in individual crates

A

will get too fat if fed ad libitum, this way they get individual feeding and care
** are now a welfare concern

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23
Q

when are farrowing crates used and why

A

only during and immediately after farrowing, to prevent them from crushing piglets

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24
Q

after birth the piglets get __ and may be __

A

identification tags, cross-fostered (given to a mom with less babies)

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25
when are piglets weaned
around 3 weeks
26
what is market weight of pigs
220 lbs
27
how are grow to finish pigs housed
in groups in enriched environments to stop problem behaviors slatted floors
28
how to choose housing location (4)
isolated, close to good roads, no prolonged sunlight or prevailing winds, availability of land for manure management
29
confinement/intensive housing pros/cons
pros: controlled enviro, manure separation, easy to clean, strict biosecurity possible cons: very high initial cost
30
hoop barn pros/cons
pros: naturally ventilated, lower investment, multiple use building cons: bedding, heat/humidity hard to control, sorting tricky, difficult to clean
31
pasture (extensive) pros/cons
pros: pigs can root and forage, pasture management cons: seasonal, niche market, no environmental control, cleaning, individual monitoring, weather (both heat and cold), predation
32
why ventilate barns
generate warm air with breath, dust, ammonia *heat must be replaced
33
manure management
handled as liquid, pits under pens for short term storage, can be valuable source of nutrients to surrounding farmland
34
management of replacement gilts
purchased from breeding company or selected within herd, minimal disease
35
mating practices
natural service or AI - use fresh semen because boar semen does not freeze well
36
signs of heat
swollen vulva, nervousness, mucus discharge, off feed
37
housing during gestation
individually in gestation crates to prevent fighting and for individual care
38
3 groups sow housing feeding options
drop/spin feeding non-gated short stalls gated feeding stalls
39
when are sows moved from gestation barn to farrowing barn
1 week before expected farrowing date
40
piglet mortality rate before weaning with bad/good management
25% , less than 10%
41
top 4 ways piglets perish
starvation, crushing, chilling, born weak
42
feeding method of lactating sows
ad libitum
43
how long after weaning is sow re-bred
4-5 days
44
nursery rooms for piglets
here until they are 20kg, all-in all-out programs, try to prevent stress
45
growing-finishing barn
sorted by size and sex, feed ad libitum via conveyor system, concrete floor totally or partially slatted
46
2 types of waterers
automatic nipple waterers bowl-type waterers (need regular cleaning)
47
antibiotics in swine
are only available via prescription
48
antibiotic resistance
occurs when microbes evolve in ways that reduce or eliminate the effectiveness of antibiotics
49
pigs are ___ with __ stomach(s)
omnivores, 1 [monogastric]
50
5 main parts of digestive system
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
51
what enzyme does saliva contain and for what
amylase, starts breaking down starch
52
3 parts of small intestine and what it has in it
duodenum, jejunum, ileum contains villi
53
4 parts of large intestine/end of digestive tract
short cecum, long colon, rectum, anus
54
4 basic nutrients swine need
energy, amino acids [indispensable and dispensable], minerals, vitamins [extra A&D for gestating sows]
55
what determines amount of nutrient required (5)
the product you are raising them for, health, age, breed, production state
56
common energy sources in feed (4)
corn, wheat, barley, fat sources
57
common amino acid sources (5)
soybean/canola meal, peas, lentils, meat meal, synthetic sources
58
mineral/vitamin sources
bonemeal, limestone, premixes
59
how much of overall cost of swine production is feed
about 70%
60
indicators of ill health in swine (6)
reduced appetite, isolation, change in poo, coughing, dull hair coat, changed gait
61
where can swine diseases come from
animals other than swine, visitors, contaminated feed, water, bedding, equipment, dead animal carcasses, airborne particles
62
swine brucellosis
infectious disease caused by Brucella suis spreads in semen during breeding or by getting the bacteria into body (mouth, nose, eye) infection can localize in various tissues causes inflammatory lesions in reproductive organs zoonotic
63
pseudorabies
affects many animals caused by PRV, is a contagious herpes virus spreads via direct (nose-nose) contact or sexual contact or inanimate objects causes reproductive and respiratory problems and occasional death in breeding and finishing hogs, high mortality in babies
64
porcine epidemic diarrhea
caused by (PEDv) transmitted through feces and direct contact can affect all types of pigs prevented by biosecurity caused dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea
65
porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
caused by PRRSv causes reproductive failure in sows, respiratory diseases in growing and finishing, diarrhea in weanlings vaccines available but there are lots of new variants youngest piglets most susceptible
66
foot and mouth disease (FMD)
disease of cattle and swine severe, highly communicable causes blister-like sores on tongue, lips, teat, and in between hooves
67
swine vesicular disease
acute contagious viral disease causes fever and fluid filled blisters (vesicles) in mouth and on snout, feet, teats rarely fatal
68
African swine fever (ASF)
contagious viral disease high mortality rate causes fever, hemorrhage (internal bleeding) can survive for several months in fresh pork survival pigs are carriers for life ticks play big role in transmission reportable
69
hog cholera / classical swine fever (CSF)
highly contagious viral disease high mortality signs: fever, arched back, diarrhea, staggered gait, purple discoloration of skin causes necrotic lesions of skin, tonsils, lymph nodes, small intestine, kidneys, spleen
70
trichinellosis
disease of animals and humans caused by small intramuscular roundworms transferred by consumption of raw or undercooked meat
71
what temp increases disease
cold
72
how to control disease
maintain biosecurity**, adequate ventilation, optimal environment
73
what is biosecurity
describes measures and procedures needed to protect against introduction and spread of pathogens
74
biosecurity principles for swine (5)
isolation, sanitation, human traffic control, herd health management, program maintenance

ANSC 212 (14 decks)

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