organic chemistry

Question 1

Atoms form chemical bonds to achieve ______

Answer 1

stability

Question 2

The electrons in the outermost shell _________ are involved in chemical bonding.

Answer 2

(valence electrons)

Question 3

In principle, an atom becomes stable when its valence shell is already occupied with 8 electrons _______.

Answer 3

(Octet rule)

Question 4

Electrostatic attraction between “ions” formed when a metal gives off electrons for a non-metal

Answer 4

IONIC BOND

Question 5

Attraction is formed when electrons of non-metals are shared with one another.

Answer 5

COVALENT BOND

Question 6

Early chemists believed in __________

Answer 6

Vitalism Theory

Question 7

Only living things can synthesize organic compounds with the intervention of a _______

Answer 7

Vital Force

Question 8

In 1828, 1_________ was able to synthesize 2_____, a compound found in 3_______, in his laboratory using 4___________, an inorganic substance.

Answer 8

1 Friedrich Wohler
2 Urea
3 Human Urine
4 ammonium cyanate

Question 9

Organic chemistry is the study of organic compounds, those that contain ______ and other elements (6 Missing).

Answer 9

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and halogens

Question 10

Composed of carbon and a few other elements (H, O, N, S, P, and halogens)

Answer 10

Organic Compounds

Question 11

Composed entirely of covalent bonds

Answer 11

Organic Compounds

Question 12

It is composed of almost all kinds of elements

Answer 12

Inorganic Compounds

Question 13

Mostly ionic bonds

Answer 13

Inorganic Compounds

Question 14

May be gases, liquids, or solids with low melting points

Answer 14

Organic Compounds

Question 15

Mostly insoluble in water and soluble in non-polar solvents

Answer 15

Organic Compounds

Question 16

Usually, solids with a high melting point

Answer 16

Inorganic Compounds

Question 17

Mostly soluble in water and insoluble in non-polar solvents

Answer 17

Inorganic Compounds

Question 18

When soluble in water, solutions do not conduct electricity.

Answer 18

Organic Compounds

Question 19

electricityCombustible and produces carbon (soot) when burned

Answer 19

Organic Compounds

Question 20

Chemical reactions are usually very slow.

Answer 20

Organic Compounds

Question 21

Aqueous solutions conduct electricity.

Answer 21

Inorganic Compounds

Question 22

Very few are combustible and do not form carbon when burned

Answer 22

Inorganic Compounds

Question 23

Chemical reactions are often very fast

Answer 23

Inorganic Compounds

Question 24

Carbon can form 4 strong covalent bonds _______

Answer 24

(tetravalency)

Question 25

Carbon can form multiple bonds ________________

Answer 25

up until the triple bond

Question 26

Carbon can __________ with itself to form long linear chains, branched chains, and rings.

Answer 26

catenate

Question 27

A carbon atom in an organic compound can be classified according to its _____________

Answer 27

degree of substitution

Question 28

These are common and specific arrangements of atoms that impart predictable reactivity and properties to a molecule.

Answer 28

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Question 29

Single bonds from carbon atoms. The names for specific compounds have an ”-ane” ending.

Answer 29

ALKANES

Question 30

Contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond. The names for specific compounds have an ”-ene” ending.

Answer 30

ALKENES

Question 31

Contains at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The names for specific compounds have an ”-yne” ending.

Answer 31

ALKYNES

Question 32

A special class of hydrocarbon that contains a special type of ring. (Benzene ring). Compounds containing these rings are called aromatic hydrocarbon

Answer 32

ARENES

Question 33

Contains other elements other than carbon and hydrogen. The group of atoms containing the other element is considered the functional group. H and C, which are not part of the functional group, are called the alkyl group and are always denoted as “R.”

Answer 33

HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES

Question 34

The halogen replaces hydrogen. It has a generic formula of R-X where X=Halogen. ....H......H ....|.......| H-C-H-C-Cl ....|......| ....H.....H

Answer 34

ALKYL HALIDES

Question 35

These compounds contain the hydroxyl group (-OH) to a saturated carbon. Generic formula is R-OH. ....H......H ....|.......| H-C-H-C-OH ....|.......| ....H.....H

Answer 35

ALCOHOLS

Question 36

What is R

Answer 36

Saturated Carbon or ....H.....H ....|......| H-C-H-C-H ....|......| ....H.....H

Question 37

These compounds contain the functional group sulfhydryl group (-SH), which has the generic formula R-SH. ....H......H ....|.......| H-C-H-C-SH ....|.......| ....H......H

Answer 37

THIOLS

Question 38

Contains an oxygen between an alkyl group or phenyl ring. It has a general formula of R-O-R’. ....H......H.....H ....|.......|......| H-C-H-C-**O**-C-H ....|.......|......| ....H......H.....H

Answer 38

ETHERS

Question 39

It contains an amino group (NH) H ..H-C-N-H ..|..| H..H

Answer 39

AMINE

Question 40

Both of these have the carbonyl group (-C=O)

Answer 40

ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

Question 41

Differentiate ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

Answer 41

Aldehydes are ....H.....O ....|......║ H-C-H-C-H ....| ....H While Ketones are ....H.....O......H ....|......║......| H-C-H-C-H-C-H ....|...............| ....H .............H

Question 42

Contains the ______ group, the group mentioned: O ║ .....-C-OH

Answer 42

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

Question 43

It contains the _____ group, the group mentioned: O ║ ....-C-O

Answer 43

ESTERS

Question 44

The –OH in the carboxyl group is replaced with an amino group. O ║ -C-NH2

Answer 44

AMIDE

Question 45

Knowledge of functional groups is very important in drug design research. Researchers study the incorporation or derivation of different functional groups in a drug to ensure its effectiveness.

Answer 45

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND DRUG DESIGN