Origins of Civil War 1936-46 1. Condition of China 1936

Question 1

What was the Northern Expedition?

Answer 1

It was when the Capital moved from Bejing to Nanjing to show more authority over Warlords.

Question 2

What were cities like in China at this time?

Answer 2

• They had flourishing economic and cultural life,
• There were cotton factories which became China’s largest export.
• Infrastructure was being built and steamers became common.
• Western medicine was being introduced to Hospitals.
• Shanghai film industry.

Question 3

What was the countryside like at this time?

Answer 3

• Where vast majority lived and worked
• Little education
• Traditional medicine and foot binding.
• Concubines still owned by rich men.

Question 4

What influence did Japan have then?

Answer 4

• Controlled Manchuria (turned it into Manchukuo puppet state), Inner Mongolia and Korean peninsula
• 21 Treaty ports were set up to exploit China’s natural resources.

Question 5

Who was Jiang Jeishi and how did he maintain control?

Answer 5

• leader of GMD, trained in Moscow, nicknamed himself ‘generalissimo’,
• NRA (Army)
• Military Bureau of Stats
  (Secret police)
• Made Big Ears Du (gangster) head of Opium Suppression Group

Question 6

What were the GMDs 3 principals?

Answer 6

1. Nationalism = get rid of external Influence
2. Democracy = different to the Wests and unite the nation
3. Peoples livelihoods = new life movement to stop Chinese peoples habits e.g. smoking and casual sex.