Origins of Civil War 1936-46 3. Sino Japanese War 1937-45

Question 1

Who did Jaing see as the biggest threat?

What were the main events of the War?

Answer 1

• The communists. He said the CCP were a disease of the heart and that the Japanese were a disease of the skin.
• Xian Incident, Marco Polo Bridge Incident, capture of 3 major cities, hundred regiments offensive, attack on new fourth army, Pearl Harbour

Question 2

What was the Xian Incident?

Answer 2

It was when young marshal a GMD commander who disagreed with jaing kidnapped him and forced him to sign a united front to fight the Japanese.

Question 3

What was the Marco Polo bridge incident?

Answer 3

• Marked the beginning of the war
• Japanese soldier went missing during training exercise, assumed China had kidnapped him so they opened fire

Question 4

What happened when Japan captured 3 main cities?

Answer 4

• 1937 the Japanese took Shanghai and advanced up the Yangzi river, later took Nanjing Jiang’s capital.
• After the Japanese took Wuhan Jaing established a new capital in Chongqing.

Question 5

What was the Hundred regiments offensive?

Answer 5

• CCP launched this against the Japanese
• CCP lost heavily and there was an estimated 22,000 soldiers died.
• In retaliation the Japanese launched the kill all, burn all , loot all campaign.

Question 6

What happened when the GMD attacked the new fourth army?

Answer 6

• Both the GMD + CCP determined to have strong positions after the War
• GMD in 1941 broke united front and attacked CCPs New Fourth Army, 7,000/9,000 CCP troops died

Question 7

Japanese attack on pearl harbour?

Answer 7

They attack naval base in Hawaii because of border disputes and sanctions the USA placed on Japan.
Resulted in the USA entering the War after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Question 8

What was the impact of the war for the GMD?

Answer 8

• Gained enormous amounts of military equipment from Japan.
• American were critical of The GMD and said they lacked fighting spirit as they retreated + NRA lack to defend the civilians
• Jiang couldn’t delegate work to commander and was overly suspicious.

Question 9

Impact of war for CCP

Answer 9

• Suffered heavily after hundred regiment offence and the Japanese subsequent 3 all campaign.
• Lost lots of territory
• Guerrilla warfare became the CCP main tactic