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Ortho Neuro 2 > Ortho Exams Week 2 > Flashcards

Ortho Exams Week 2 Flashcards

(111 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 6 shoulder impingement tests?

A

1) lift off test
2) bear hug test
3) neer’s test
4) hawkins-kennedy test
5) kibler shoulder retraction test
6) scapular pinch test

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2
Q

What are the 2 anterior medial shoulder impingement tests?

A

1) lift off test
2) bear hug test

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3
Q

What is the most common shoulder impingement?

A

anterior lateral

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4
Q

What are the 2 anterior lateral shoulder impingement tests?

A

1) neer’s test
2) hawkins kennedy test

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5
Q

What are the 2 posterior lateral shoulder impingement tests?

A

1) kibler shoulder retraction test
2) scapular pinch test

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6
Q

What is the patient position for lift off test?

A

standing or seated

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7
Q

What test is this?
-patient places the back of their hand on their lower back
-doctor then instructs patient to lift hand off of lower back
-if patient can do this easily then resist them lifting hand off back

A

lift off test

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8
Q

What is a positive sign for lift off test?

A

pain and decreased ability to perform the test

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9
Q

What does a positive sign for lift off test indicate?

A

subscapularis tear/strain and/or anteromedial shoulder impingement

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10
Q

What is the patient position for bear hug test?

A

seated

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11
Q

What test is this?
-patient places hand on their opposite shoulder across the chest
-doctor attempts to lift hand off shoulder while patient resists

A

bear hug test

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12
Q

What is a positive sign for bear hug test?

A

pain and inability to resist doctor

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13
Q

What does a positive sign for bear hug test indicate?

A

subscapularis tear/strain and/or anteromedial shoulder impingement

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14
Q

What is the patient position for neer’s test?

A

seated

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15
Q

What test is this?
-doctor stabilizes patient shoulder
-doctor attempts to bring patient’s arm over their hand

A

neer’s test

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16
Q

What does a positive sign for neer’s test indicate?

A

anterolateral shoulder impingement

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17
Q

What is a positive sign for neer’s test?

A

end range pain

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18
Q

What is the patient position for Hawkins Kennedy test?

A

seated

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19
Q

What test is this?
-doctor brings patient’s arm to 90 degrees and then bends elbow to 90 degrees in front of patient
-doctor stabilizes shoulder and holds patient wrist while fully internally rotating patient arm
-if patient has no pain yet then adduct the arm while internally rotated

A

Hawkins Kennedy test

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20
Q

What is a positive sign for Hawkins Kennedy test?

A

pain in shoulder

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21
Q

What does a positive sign for Hawkins Kennedy test indicate?

A

anterolateral shoulder impingement

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22
Q

What is the patient position for Kibler shoulder retraction test?

A

seated

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23
Q

What test is this?
-have patient show you where it hurts while lifting arm into a throwing position
-have patient keep their arm up while you use hypothenar to compress medial border of scapula (right hand with right scapula or vise versa)
-doctor uses other hand to stabilize shoulder while compressing
-have patient do throwing motion

A

Kibler shoulder retraction test

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24
Q

What is a positive sign for Kibler shoulder retraction test?

A

increased ROM and less pain

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25
What does a positive sign for Kibler shoulder retraction test indicate?
-scapular retractor weakness (rhomboids and traps) -C5 nerve root/ dorsal scapular nerve for rhomboids impingement -accessory nerve C3/C4 for traps impingement -posterior lateral shoulder impingement
26
What is the patient position for scapular pinch test?
seated or standing
27
What test is this? -patient retracts scapula and holds position for 15 seconds
scapular pinch test
28
What is a positive sign for scapular pinch test?
inability to hold retraction/perform
29
What does a positive sign for scapular pinch indicate?
scapular retractor weakness in rhomboids and traps and/or posterior lateral shoulder impingement
30
What are the 2 shoulder bursitis tests?
1) subacromial push button test 2) dawbarn's sign
31
What are the complaints for shoulder bursitis and how is it caused?
shoulder stiffness and painful sleeping on that shoulder caused by overuse, repetitive movements, or trauma
32
What is the patient position for subacromial push button test?
seated
33
What test is this? -stand behind patient and apply pressure directly over the subacromial bursa
subacromial push button test
34
What is a positive sign for subacromial push button test?
pain in the shoulder with pressure
35
What does a positive sign for subacromial push button test indicate?
subacromial bursitis
36
What is the patient position for dawbarn's sign?
seated
37
What test is this? -stand behind patient and apply pressure directly over the subacromial bursa and abduct the patient's arm
dawbarn's sign
38
What is a positive sign for dawbarn's sign?
painful spot disappears beneath finger when arm is abducted
39
What does a positive sign for dawbarn's sign indicate?
subacromial bursitis
40
Mostly anterior shoulder pain leading to weakness caused by tensile force too often, too heavy, and too sudden would be what shoulder problem?
bicipital tendinopathy/ tendonitis
41
What are the 2 bicipital tendon tests?
1) speed's test 2) yerguson's test
42
What are the 3 transverse humeral ligament tests?
1) yerguson's test 2) transverse humeral ligament test 3) abbott saunders test
43
What is the popeye muscle test called?
ludinton's test
44
What is the patient position for speed's test?
standing or seated
45
What test is this? -doctor stabilizes bicipital groove -patient raises arm in front and fully extends elbow while supinating hand -doctor applies downward force at the wrist and patient resists
speed's test
46
What is a positive sign for speed's test?
pain in shoulder over the bicep tendon
47
What does a positive sign for speed's test indicate?
bicipital tendinopathy or tendonitis deep pain= SLAP lesion note: primary bicipital tendonitis occurs within the bicipital groove but if its secondary then its usually a SLAP lesion
48
What is the patient position for yerguson's test?
standing or seated
49
What is a positive sign for yerguson's test?
-audible click or snap of biceps tendon -shoulder pain -deep pain= labrum involvement
49
What test is this? -doctor stabilizes bicipital groove and holds patient hand for a "handshake" -patient flexes elbow and externally rotates shoulder, and then supinates hand -doctor will resist the patient supinating
yerguson's test
50
What does a positive sign for yerguson's test indicate?
-instability of biceps tendon in bicipital groove -transverse humeral ligament involvement/tear -bicipital tendinopathy or tendonitis -SLAP lesion
51
What is the patient position for transverse humeral ligament test?
standing or seated
52
What test is this? -doctor stabilizes bicipital groove -doctor abducts patient's elbow to 90 degrees and internally rotates arm and then externally rotate shoulder
transverse humeral ligament test
53
What is a positive sign for transverse humeral ligament test?
-audible click or snap of biceps tendon -pain
54
What does a positive sign for transverse humeral ligament test indicate?
transverse humeral ligament tear or bicipital tendon instability
55
What is the patient position for abbott saunders test?
seated
56
What test is this? -doctor stabilizes bicipital groove -doctor fully abducts patient's arm overhead and externally rotates shoulder and then brings arm down towards body
abbott saunders test
57
What is a positive sign for abbott saunders test?
-audible click or snap of biceps tendon -pain
58
What does a positive sign for abbott saunders test indicate?
transverse humeral ligament tear or bicipital tendon instability
59
What is the patient position for ludinton's test?
seated
60
What test is this? -patient places both hands behind head and interlocks fingers -doctor palpates biceps while patient flexes
ludinton's test
61
What is a positive sign for ludinton's test?
absent muscle contraction
62
What does a positive sign for ludinton's test indicate?
rupture of the long head of bicipital tendon aka popeye muscle
63
What is the patient position for painful arc test?
standing or seated
64
What test is this? -patient attempts to lift arm as high as they can go -if patient stops around 70 degrees then doctor helps them move arm further up and pain should lessen
painful arc test
65
What is a positive sign for painful arc test?
pain 70-110 degrees and then pain decreases with doctor passively moving patient arm
66
What does a positive sign for painful arc test indicate?
-contractile lesion usually supraspinatus -pain at a specific point= labrum tear -inability to abduct actively or passively= adhesive capsulitis
67
What is the patient position for passive scapular approximation or retraction test?
seated or standing
68
What test is this? -doctor stands behind patient and passively retracts their shoulders
passive scapular approximation or retraction test
69
What is a positive sign for passive scapular approximation or retraction test?
pain or discomfort = T1/T2 nerve root issue
70
What does a positive sign for passive scapular approximation or retraction test indicate?
T1/T2 nerve root compression due to SOL
71
T1 nerve root affects which nerve?
ulnar
72
What are the 4 elbow stretch and contraction tests?
1) cozen's test 2) mill's test 3) golfer's elbow test (reverse cozen's test) 4) reverse mill's test
73
What is the patient position for cozen's test?
seated or standing
74
What test is this? -contraction test -patient extends arm out beside them and flexes elbow while also extending wrist in a fist -doctor stabilizes lateral epicondyle and attempts to pull the fist downward -patient resists
cozen's test
75
What is a positive sign for cozen's test?
increased pain over lateral epicondyle
76
What does a positive sign for cozen's test indicate?
lateral epicondylitis aka tennis elbow or extensor supinator aponeurosis tendinitis
77
Which tendon is most commonly affected with tennis elbow?
extensor carpi radialis brevis
78
What is the patient position for mill's test?
seated or standing
79
What test is this? -stretch test -patient "makes a muscle" and turns wrist to face outward -patient then protonates and extends arm backwards to stretch muscle -if no pain, then doctor stabilizes lateral epicondyle and flexes patient's wrist while pronating and extending arm more
mill's test
80
What is a positive sign for mill's test?
increased pain over lateral epicondyle
81
What does a positive sign for mill's test indicate?
lateral epicondylitis
82
What is the patient position for golfer's elbow test (reverse cozen's test)?
seated or standing
83
What test is this? -patient's arm is extended with their wrist held in flexion -doctor stabilizes medial epicondyle and attempts to extend wrist while patient resists
golfer's elbow test (reverse cozen's test)
84
What is a positive sign for golfer's elbow test (reverse cozen's test)?
pain over the medial epicondyle
85
What does a positive sign for golfer's elbow test (reverse cozen's test) indicate?
medial epicondylitis aka golfer's elbow or flexor pronator aponeurosis tendonitis
86
What is the patient position for reverse mill's test?
seated or standing
87
What test is this? -patient's elbow is straight with wrist fully extended -if no pain, then doctor pushes the wrist back more
reverse mill's test
88
What is a positive sign for reverse mill's test?
increased pain over medial epicondyle
89
What does a positive sign for reverse mill's test indicate?
medial epicondylitis
90
When do elbows become unstable?
after falls on outstretched arm or excessive varus/valgus forces
91
What are the 2 elbow stability tests?
1) varus stress test (adduction stress) 2) valgus stress test (abduction stress)
92
What is the patient position for varus stress test (adduction stress)?
seated or standing
93
What test is this? -patient extends arm out beside them and supinates -doctor stabilizes medial elbow and wrist -doctor adducts wrist in extension without moving elbow -if no pain, then doctor will also adduct wrist while its in slight flexion
varus stress test (adduction stress)
94
What is a positive sign for varus stress test (adduction stress)?
excessive movement compared to uninvolved side
95
What does a positive sign for varus stress test (adduction stress) indicate?
various grade sprain 1-3 of lateral/radial collateral ligament
96
What muscle aids in stabilizing the lateral elbow?
anconeus
97
What is the patient position for valgus stress test (abduction stress)?
seated or standing
98
What test is this? -patient extends arm out beside them and supinates -doctor stabilizes lateral elbow and wrist -doctor abducts wrist in extension without moving elbow -if no pain, then doctor will also abduct wrist while its in slight flexion
valgus stress test (abduction stress)
99
What is a positive sign for valgus stress test (abduction stress)?
excessive movement compared to uninvolved side
100
What does a positive sign for valgus stress test (abduction stress) indicate?
various grade sprain 1-3 of medial/ulnar collateral ligament
101
Elbow peripheral nerve entrapment is caused by?
prolonged elbow flexion
102
What are the 2 elbow peripheral nerve entrapment tests?
1) elbow flexion test 2) tinel's sign
103
What is the patient position for elbow flexion test?
seated or standing
104
What test is this? -have patient do the "i dont know" pose for 3-5 min
elbow flexion test
105
What is a positive sign for elbow flexion test?
hypersensitivity/ paraesthesia along ulnar nerve
106
What does a positive sign for elbow flexion test indicate?
cubital tunnel/ ulnar nerve entrapment
107
What is the patient position for tinel's sign?
seated
108
What test is this? -gently tap the groove between medial epicondyle and olecranon process 8x
tinel's sign
109
What is a positive sign for tinel's sign?
hypersensitivity/ paraesthesia along ulnar nerve
110
What does a positive sign for tinel's sign indicate?
cubital tunnel/ ulnar nerve entrapment

Ortho Neuro 2 (12 decks)

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