Ortho stuff Flashcards by Anagha Rao

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Adamantanoma

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Polyostotic bone lesion

OC 
Enchondroma 
Fibrous dysplasia 
GCT
Ewing’s

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Radio resistant

OS
CS
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma

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Upper end of humerus

UBC > CB

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ABC

Lower metaphysis of tibia femur

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Osteoid osteoma

Femur then tibia

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Ivory Osteoma

Face and skull

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Enchondromas

Hand bones

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Adamant

Amelo

Adam- tibia

Amelo- mandible (scc)

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Mets

MM - Lumbar vert

Mets - dorsal thoracic vert

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Purely BLASTIC

PCMB

Prostate
Carcinoid
Medulloblastoma
BASTIC

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Mc primary

Breast females
Lungs makes
Children - neuroblastoma

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Bone to bone mets

BONE

OS
Neuroblastoma
Ewing’s mc

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Simple bone cyst

“Fallen leaf 🍃 sign”

BEECH

Brodies. Brown tumor 
Eosinophilic granuloma 
Enchondroma 
CB
Haemophilia

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Single cavity in metaphysis 
1st decade 
Upper humerus 
Central concentric 
Straw color

UBC

Curettage and BG

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Multiloculated 
Eccentric 
Tibia LL 
Fluid fluid level 
More expansile 
Hemorrhagic fluid

ABC

Extended curettage

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Eccentric tumor

NAG Expands

NOF
ABC
GCT

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Large to feel small on X-ray
Pain bursitis and #
Diaphysial aclasis
?malig

Osteochondroma

Extraperiosteal resection

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Mc true benign lesion
Night pain 😌 on salicyclates
NIDUS in cortex
Osteoblasts and clasts

Osteoid osteoma

RFA

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Compact osteoma
Skull and face
Eburnated

Ivory osteoma

No Rx

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Codmans tumor
Epiphysis
Calcification +
Mc upper end humerus

Extended curettage

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Mc benign lesion bone
1st decade
Metaphyseal
Self healing no malig potential

NOF/Fibrous cortical defect

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Mc tumor of bones of hands and teeth
Hyaline cart
5% premalig

Enchondroma

Extended curettage

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Olliers

Maffauci

Ollier - Only enchondromas

Maffauci- many things along with enchondroma + hemangioma + phleboliths
100% premalig

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Malignant cell is mononuclear cell Mets to lungs More in Girls Goes to joint

GCT Extended curettage with BG with fibula

Shepherd hook deformity Mc Cune Albright Rind sign

Fibrous dysplasia

Mc cune albright

Fibrous dysplasia Cafe au lait Precocious puberty

Letterer Siwe disease Hand schuller Christian Eosinophilic granuloma

LCH Spontaneous resolution

Birbeck granules TENNIS racket shape on EM

LCH

<3y fatal

Letterer siwe

Lytic skull lesion Exophthalmos Diabetes insipidus

Hand schuller Christian

``` Solitary bone/lung Lung - histiocytosis X Skull - bevelled lytic lesion mc CD1a S100+ ```

Eosinophilic granuloma

Jail bar Courdroy appearance Polka dot sign

Hemangioma

Sacrum Lytic lesion Notochord remnant Physaliferous cells 2nd mc malig of spine after MM

Chordoma Excision +/- radiation

``` Radio resistant Germ line RB mutation Night pain Mc lower end of femur Metaphysis Intramedullary tumor ```

OS DOC- MTX

Doc for OS

MTX No etoposide. Never

``` Marrow tumor 2nd > 1st decade Femur diaphysis Pain, ?OM Onion peel ```

Ewing’s ChemoRx

Genes in Ewing’s

``` 21,22 17,22 11,22 Trisomy 8&12 MIC2 specific CD99 specific ```

Pelvis I’ll defined margin Hyperglycaemia +

>20% plasma cells | No CRAB

Plasma cell leukaemia

CRAB?

HyperCa Renal failure Anemia Bone Lytic lesions MM

Bursa tumor Biphasic tumor ~ Squamous and mesenchymal cells + t(X;18) SYT SSX fusion gene

Synovial cell CA

Skull Lytic lesions

MELTHROME ``` MM Eosinophilic granuloma LCH TB HyperPTH RadioRx OM Mets Epidermoid ```

IA,B,C II III

1A - well defined , sclerotic : SBC, FD 1B - well defined , no sclerotic : ABC, GCT 1C - ill defined : CS 2 - Moth eaten - MM Mets 3 - Permeative : Ewing’s MM Mets

Cotton wool skull | Osteoporosis circumscripta

Pagets

Coffee bean nucleus

Langerhans cell of LCH

Cupping splaying freying

Rickets Epiphysis is BLACK

``` Trummerfeld rarefaction Pelikan spurs Corner sign Wimberger ring Frankel line ```

Scurvy Epiphysis is WHITE

Winberger corner sign

Metaphyseal defect in congenital syphillis

Enamel defect | Dentine defect

Enamel - rickets | Dentine - scurvy and OI

``` Adult rickets TRIRADIATE PELVIS Otto pelvis - protrussio acetabuli Osteoid>Osteon Tetracycline label ```

Osteomalacia

XD PHEX gene mutation Ca PTH D3 normal ALP raised

Hypophosphataemic rickets

White line frenkel

Scurvy Healing rickets MTX Lead poisoning

Pseudo# milkman# looser zones UMBAZANON Arterial indentation on bones NOF Pubic Rami

Osteomalacia Hyper PTH NF

``` Subperiosteal resorption Osteitis fibrousa cystica Brown tumor ROTTING FENCE POST ap Salt and paper skull Loss of LAMINA DURA in teeth ```

HyperPTH

``` FGFR3 # Enchondral ossification defect NORMAL IQ Limb dwarf Trident Starfish hand Champagne glass pelvis Bullet shaped vertebra ```

Achondroplasia

Absent clavicle | Intramembranous ossification defect

Cleidocranial disorder

``` Absent marrow OM of mandible Carbonic anhydrase Proton pump # Marble bone Functional def of osteoclasts Anemia infections HSM CN2,7,8 DELAYED bone healing ```

Osteopetrosis Marrow transplant

Marble bone | Rugger jersey spine

Osteopetrosis

``` Osteitis deformans Osteoclasts large and irregular Elder males PELVIS mc PAIN mc Ca AND PO4 normal ALP raised ```

Pagets Calcitonin for pain Bisphosphinates

Histo Cement lines Mosaic form Marble ap

Pagets

Ivory vert Bullet head vert Cotton wool skull

Pagets

T score Normal Osteopenia Osteoporosis

Normal >-1 Osteopenia -1 to -2.5 Osteoporosis

Normal CA PO4 PTH ALP

Osteoporosis Estrogen Bisphosphinates Calcitonin Low dose PTH

Max osteoporosis of which bone in hemiplegia

Humerus

``` Lobstein vrolik Brittle bone disease Col type 1 # AD Osteopenia Hyperlax DDH Blue sclera, hearing # Dentinogenesis imperfecta Silence classification Bailey dubo rods for path # ```

OI Gene Rx

Ivory vertebra

LIMPHO ``` Lymphoma Infection TB Medullo Mets Pagets Hemangioblastoma OS, OB ```

Candle dripping

Maleorrhexis

Spotted bone disease

Osteopoikilosis

Serrations

Osteopathia serratia

``` Perkins line Shallow acetabulum Superolat displacement Small epiphysis Narath + ```

DDH

IOC and Screening DDH

IOC MRI Screening USG Alpha angle decreases Beta increase

Allis and galleazi test for

DDH Pavlik harness Von Rosen Bachelor cast

``` AVN femoral epiphysis Painless Lat subluxation HOF Sagging rope Crescent sign X-ray IOC MRI ```

Perthes Self resolving Maintain abduction

``` 11-20 boys Endocrines # AXIS DEVIATION Klein’s line - Trethowan sign MRI Flexion restricted ```

SCFE Fixation

``` XR Males Dystrophin gene <5y (>5y Becker’s) Gower sign ```

DMD

Ischemia of SCM COCK ROBIN ap Up to 3m

CMT Self resolves

``` Fusion of cervical vert Short web neck low post hairline Restricted neck Scoliosis Sprengel deformity ```

Klippel Fiel

``` Genu recurvatum Knee hyperextn Defect in upper tibia 60% B/L Progresses with age ```

Blounts Lateral wedge osteotomy

Vertical talus

Rocker bottom

Obliterated medial arch Heel in valgum Jacks test - flexible or restrictive?

Peds planus

CTEV correction | <1y

Ponsetti Above knee cast in CAVE for 6-8wks

CTEV correction | 1-3y

PMSTR Turcos

CTEV correction | 3-5 y

Calcaneum cuboid resection | Evans

CTEV correction | 5-8y

Dwyers lat osteotomy

CTEV correction | 8-10y

Wedge tarsectomy

CTEV correction | >10y

Triple arthrodesis | NTCC NT toughest

Atypical CTEV

SHORT CALF ``` Short great toe Sole crease Heel crease Hyperextended great toe Others AMC NF SPINA BIFIDA Rigid feet Tight heel ```

PIRANI scoring

THE LMP ``` Talar head Heel Equinus Lat curvature of foot Medial crease Post crease ```

``` Chip # meta+epi+periosteum Metaphyseal bucket handle # Spiral # Knobbing # at ribs Sub epiphysis micro # on MRI Skull egg shell # ```

BBS

Crawford classification

Cong Pseudoarthrosis of tibia

Turner Wrist styloid process prominent BL Functions excellent

Madelung

Quardriceps # Tibialis Ant # Deltoid #

Polio

Pure lytic bony secondaries

RCC

Mc benign tumor

Osteochondroma Multiple

Mc true benign

Osteoid osteoma Single

Mc bony tumor non-hemat origin

1st OS 2nd CS 3rd Ewing’s sarcoma

Mc hemat bony CA

Mc bone tumor

Mets

Mc tumor in 1st decade

Ewing’s

Owl winking sign

Spinal mets

Pure lytic bony secondaries

RCC

Mc benign tumor

Osteochondroma Multiple

Mc true benign

Osteoid osteoma Single

Mc bony tumor non-hemat origin

1st OS 2nd CS 3rd Ewing’s sarcoma

Mc hemat bony CA

Mc bone tumor

Mets

Mc tumor in 1st decade

Ewing’s

Owl winking sign

Spinal mets