OSPE

Question 1

Answer 1

1- Trachea epithelium
2- Ciliated cell
3- Goblet cell

Question 2

Answer 2

Mucocilliary escalator

1- goblet cell
2- nuclei
3- nucleolus
4- cilia
5- lumen

Question 3

Answer 3

1- respiratory epithelium
2- basal cells
3- basement membrane
4- capillaries
5- goblet cells
6- cilia

Question 4

Answer 4

1- inferior concha
2- goblet cells
3- cilia
4- respiratory epithelium
5- lamina propria
6- capillaries

Question 5

Answer 5

1- trachea
2- trachealis muscle (smooth muscle)
3- C shaped ring of cartilage

Question 6

Answer 6

Trachea (low magnification)

Question 7

2 & 3 are the same label (mistake)

Answer 7

1- Trachea
2,3- respiratory epithelium
4- lamina propria
5- mucosa
6- submucosa
7- tracheal cartilage (C shaped; prevents collapse)

Question 8

Answer 8

1- bronchus
2- hyaline plate cartilage

Question 9

Answer 9

Clara cells

• in terminal and respiratory bronchioles
• domed profile of membrane + lack of cilia
• produces surfactant

Question 10

Answer 10

1- Terminal bonchiole
2- alveolus
3- muscle

Question 11

Answer 11

1- Lung
2- alveolus
3- alveolar duct

Question 12

Answer 12

1- alveolus
2- capillaries
3- alveolar type 2 cell
- round
- large nuclei
- small cytoplasm
- produces surfactant
- can divide
4- nucleus of alveolar type 1 cell
- flat
- densely stained nuclei
- large cytoplasm
- designed for gas exchange
- cannot divide

Question 13

Answer 13

1- Air Blood Barrier
2- type 1 pneumocyte
3- capillary endothelial cell
4- BM

Question 14

Answer 14

Alveolar Macrophages

• ingests carbon particles
• gives lung the black colour

Question 15

Answer 15

Bronchopneumonia

Question 16

Answer 16

1- endothelium (tunica intima; collagen)
2- tunica media (muscular)
3- tunica adventitia

Question 17

Answer 17

1- Heart (ventricular wall)
2- endocardium
3- myocardium
4- epicardium (coronary arteries run within epithelial fat)

Question 18

Answer 18

Epicardium

1- fibrocollagenous tissue + contains elastic fibers
2- mesothelial cells
3- coronary artery
4- adipose tissue

Question 19

Answer 19

1- Myocardium
2- striations
3- intercalated disc (allows, cardiac myocyte to act as a functional syncytium)
4- central nucleus
5- lipofuscin

Question 20

Answer 20

1- Endocardium (simple squamous)
2- Purkinje Fibres
3- Endocardium (fibrous, connective tissue; elastic tissue; collagen)
4- Myocardium

Question 21

Answer 21

1- Pancreas
2- exocrine secretory acini
3- islets of langerhan

Question 22

Answer 22

1- Liver
2- central vein
3- sheets of hepatocytes
4- sinusoids

Question 23

Answer 23

1- Portal triad
2- portal vein
3- bile duct
4- hepatic artery

Question 24

Answer 24

Hepatocyte

Question 25

Answer 25

1- Gall bladder 2- muscle layer 3- adventitia 4- lamina propria

Question 26

Answer 26

Pyloric stomach 1- gastric pits 2- G cells (secretes gastrin)

Question 27

Answer 27

1- Cells in gastric glands 2- neck mucous cells 3- parietal cells (larger, lighter stain (bc of mitochondria), eosinophilic * chief cells (cuboidal, smaller, darker stain (bc of RER), basophilic

Question 28

Answer 28

1- Pyloroduodenal junction 2- duodenum 3- brunner’s glands 4- pylorus 5- pyloric sphincter

Question 29

Answer 29

Oesophagus (layers)

Question 30

Answer 30

1- Oesophagus 2- mucosa 3- submucosa 4-muscularis externa 5- adventitia

Question 31

Answer 31

Small intestine (Crypts of Lieberkuhn)

Question 32

Answer 32

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 33

Answer 33

1- Intestinal Villi 2- goblet cell 3- absorptive columnar epithelium 4- intraepithelial lymphocyte

Question 34

Answer 34

Peyer’s Patches - mostly at terminal ileum

Question 35

Answer 35

Gastroduodenal junction - sharp transition from glandular to villous mucosa

Question 36

Answer 36

Duodenum - villous appearance of mucosa (leaf-like) - numerous coiled branch tubular glands (brunner’s glands) -goblet cells

Question 37

Answer 37

Jejunum - Peyer’s Patches

Question 38

Answer 38

Large Intestine

Question 39

Answer 39

Appendix

Question 40

Answer 40

1- Artery 2- lumen 3- tunica intima 4- elastica interna 5- tunica adventitia 6- tunica media

Question 41

Answer 41

Elastic Artery - aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid, subclavian pulmonary artery - collagen + elastin; elastic fiber (black) + collagen (pink) + smooth muscle (white); collagen + vaso vasorum

Question 42

Answer 42

Small Muscular Artery - no elastin fibre

Question 43

Answer 43

Fenestrated Capillaries - Hepatocytes - Kidney - Endocrine gland - SI

Question 44

Answer 44

Small Vein

Question 45

Answer 45

Medium-sized Vein

Question 46

Answer 46

Large Vein

Question 47

Answer 47

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

Question 47

Answer 47

Neutrophils - 60 to 40% - segmented nucleus (3 to 5 lobes) - granular pink cytoplasm - increases in inflammation

Question 47

Answer 47

Basophils - < 0.5% - bilobed nucleus - deep blue granules - formed in bone marrow

Question 48

Answer 48

Reticulocytes (immature RBC)

Question 48

Answer 48

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

Question 49

Answer 49

SVC / IVC (smooth muscle)

Question 50

Answer 50

Lymphocytes - smallest WBC - round + densely stained nucleus - Basophilic non-granular cytoplasm

Question 50

Answer 50

Monocytes - largest WBC - large, eccentrically placed, horseshoe shaped nucleus - pale, greyish-blue cytoplasm

Question 50

Answer 50

Platelets - non-nucleated - round/oval - biconvex - central, purple stained granule - pale stained periphery

Question 51

Answer 51

Eosinophils - formed in bone marrow - response to inflammatory/allergic responses

Question 52

Answer 52

1- Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) 2- lymphoid follicle 3- peyer’s patches 4- lumen of SI

Question 53

Answer 53

1- Lymph Node 2- lymph follicle 3- cortex 4- medullary cords 5- medulla

Question 53

Answer 53

1- Tonsil (no capsule; stratified squamous epithelium) 2- tonsilar crypt 3- lymph follicle 4- epithelium

Question 54

Answer 54

Tonsilar Crypt - allows saliva/nasal secretion to be sampled by antigen for longer period

Question 55

Answer 55

1- Spleen 2- white pulp 3- red pulp

Question 56

Answer 56

Thymus (maturation of T lymphocytes)

Question 57

Answer 57

Parotid Salivary Gland

Question 57

Answer 57

Submandibular Salivary Gland

Question 58

Answer 58

1- Fungiform 2- Circumvallate 3- Filiform 4- Foliate

Question 59

Answer 59

Sublingual Salivary Gland

Question 60

Answer 60

Thoracocentesis (layers)

Question 61

Answer 61

Hassall’s Corpuscle - appears in fetal life - formed from keratinized epithelial cells - represents a degenerative process

Question 62

Dorsal mesentery derivatives

Answer 62

- greater omentum - Transverse mesocolon - Sigmoid mesocolon - spleen - gastrosplenic ligament

Question 63

Mechanisms that prevent acid reflux

Answer 63

- encircling fibres of right crus of the diaphragm - Acute angle of entry of oesophagus into stomach - Intra-abdominal position of distal part of oesophagus